Zigui County is the first county of walnut in Yichang City. At present, due to many reasons, the benefits of walnuts are not good, so some people doubt the adaptability of walnuts in Zigui County. This paper scientifically analyzes the adaptability of cultivated walnuts in Zigui to enhance the confidence of the broad masses of cadres and the masses.
First, analyze the adaptability of walnuts in Zigui from the conditions of climate and soil.
1.1 Comparative analysis of climatic conditions
1.1.1 Comparative analysis of temperature conditions
Comparing the adaptability of walnut to temperature and the annual temperature of Zigui County (see Table 1), it is concluded that the annual average temperature of Zigui County is higher and the frost-free period is longer; the meteorological observation point is at a low altitude of 295.5m, while the walnut cultivation point At high altitudes of 600 to 1 200 m, the temperature will be lower, thus asserting that it is basically adapted to the growth and development needs of walnuts.
Table 1 Comparison of temperature conditions and the adaptation range of walnut in Zigui County
1.1.2 Comparative analysis of lighting conditions
After the walnut enters the fruiting period, sufficient light conditions are required. The annual sunshine hours are required to be >2 000h to ensure the normal growth and development of walnuts. For example, <1 000h, the nucleocapsid and nucleolus are all stunted. The annual sunshine hours in Zigui County is 1 567.3h (data from 1998 to 2015), and the lighting conditions are slightly insufficient. As long as comprehensive measures are taken from garden selection, planting density, plastic trimming, etc., it is no problem to meet the requirements of walnut growth and lighting. of.
1.1.3 Comparative analysis of water conditions
The annual annual rainfall of 600-800mm meets the needs of walnuts. The annual rainfall of the iron walnut cultivation area is 800~2 000mm. The annual precipitation in Zigui County is 1 264.0mm (1998-2015 data). From the analysis of the annual rainfall, Zigui is more suitable for the cultivation of iron walnuts, and the cultivation of walnuts is likely to cause serious diseases due to the large amount of rainfall. The practice of cultivation of Zigui for many years proves that the introduced northern walnut varieties such as Liaoning No.1, Xiangling and Luguang are seriously ill, which is one of the important reasons for the low efficiency; and the introduced new series of interspecific hybrids and The selected bud variety "Yulin No. 1" is less susceptible. Therefore, the cultivation of walnuts in the scale of Zigui must consider disease resistance as an important indicator. Liu Xianglin proposed that the varieties of iron walnut or iron walnut gene should be selected for cultivation.
1.2 Comparative analysis of soil conditions
Walnuts require soils with a soil pH of 6.2 to 8.2 (optimum pH 6.5 to 7.5), mild soils, and lime-rich weak alkaline soils. The groundwater level is too high (requires direct water level below 2 m) ) and poor growth on sticky soil. It is divided into mountainous counties, with less flat land and good drainage. There is basically no problem of high groundwater level. The Zigui County Agricultural Bureau collected 15 928 samples from 186 villages in 12 townships in the county from 2006 to 2015. The soil pH 6.0-8.5 points accounted for more than 50% of the county, and the organic matter was rich. The high content of medium elements, combined with reasonable fertilization, can meet the growth needs of walnuts in various periods. However, there are also a few places where soil fertility is insufficient, soil layers are thin, and soil is heavy. For these places, walnuts cannot be grown.
Second, from the cultivation history, prove the adaptability of walnut in Zigui
Zigui County has a long history of walnut cultivation. There are more than 1000 large trees in existence for more than 30 years. Among them, a walnut ancient tree in Jiulingtou Village of Quyuan Town has been more than 150 years old, with a bust of 3.44m and a tree height of 20m. 100kg of dried walnuts. From 2011 to 2012, 7 excellent strains were screened for asexual progeny and regional trials.
Check out the Statistical Yearbook of Hubei Province from 1958 to 1995. There are 11 counties (cities) with a historical output of over 100 tons in Hubei Province (see Table 2), and 147.05t in Zigui County in 1978.
Table 2 List of counties in the history of Hubei Province with an annual output of over 100 tons of walnuts: t
From the existing walnut resources and the historical walnut yield of Zigui, it can fully prove that Zigui adapts to the development of walnut industry.
Third, from the typical cultivation success, prove the adaptability of walnut in Zigui
3.1 Introduction and breeding of walnut varieties suitable for Zigui County Zigui County has successively introduced Liao nuclear, Zhonglin, Xiangling, Luguang, Qingxiang, Yunxin and other varieties to cultivate, in Yunnan Province, the Academy of Forestry, Yunnan, Yunnan, walnuts × Xinjiang The Yunxin series of early-maturing walnut hybrids is the most suitable, with Yunxin Plateau and Yunxinyunlin performing the best. The walnut bud variety "Yulin No. 1" was selected from the Yunxin Plateau and approved by the Hubei Provincial Forest Species Examination and Approval Committee. It has become the best early walnut variety in Hubei Province.
3.2 Cultivation practices of farmers, demonstrating the adaptability of walnuts in Zigui
Through years of practice and exploration, although the cultivation of Zigui walnuts is not good, the farmers have basically mastered the essentials of cultivation management techniques, and some advanced examples of developing walnuts to get rid of poverty have emerged, which has established a development for the walnut industry in the county. example. For example: Mei Dasan of Shuitian Village in Meijiahe Township, Wang Shifeng of Jingzhangping Village, Wanmin, Tan Yuanjing, Zheng Jialiang of Tanjiahe Village of Lianghekou Town, Zhou Yao of Quyuanmiao Village of Zhouzhen Town, Yuxi Village of Zhenxi Town Zhou Zongcheng and so on, the annual output of dried walnut fruit is more than 150kg; especially the Meiyun of Shazhenxi Town has produced more than 300kg per mu for 6 consecutive years, and the income of muping has reached 10,000 yuan.
Fourth, summary
(1) Through the comparison between the climatic soil conditions of Zigui County and the requirements of walnuts, the history of walnut cultivation in Zigui County, and the successful cultivation of walnuts by some farmers in Zigui County, it is proved that Zigui County is suitable for the scale cultivation of walnut.
(2) Compared with the major walnut provinces such as Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Xinjiang, and Yunnan, the climatic conditions in Zigui County are mainly reflected in the differences in rainfall, long frost-free period, and low light. The corresponding techniques are adopted according to these differences during cultivation. Countermeasure measures, can not copy the technology of the field.
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