Potatoes are grown in large areas throughout the country, from spring planting in the north to winter potato in the south, and two seasons in the Central Plains. The yield of potatoes is relatively high, and the average yield per mu is between 1000 and 2000 kg. In order to obtain high yield, all local farmers pay attention to the application of nitrogen fertilizer, especially in the seedling stage and the early topdressing. The application rate of nitrogen fertilizer is very high, which leads to the unfavorable phenomenon that the above-mentioned yam is long and the potato parts are small. happens sometimes.
A fertilization experience of a potato seed professional in Erdos, Inner Mongolia, which has been planted for many years, is based on organic fertilizer, which applies 2000 kg of high-quality sheep manure per season, and sometimes with a half-bag (ie 25 kg) low-concentration compound fertilizer ( The NPK content is 25%). On the basis of the application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer on the base fertilizer, the fertilizer is further pursued. The topdressing period is at the top of the plant, and the urea is usually applied for about 10 kg.
His fertilization method has been extended for many years, and the effect is also good. The production capacity per mu is maintained at 1200 kg. However, new situations have emerged since last year. First, the amount of organic fertilizer is becoming less and less, and production needs cannot be guaranteed. Second, the planting area has expanded. Now, mainly relying on chemical fertilizers to produce potatoes. Under this new production condition, how can fertilization improve the yield and quality of potatoes?
Analysis of agricultural experts: In the potato production, the organic fertilizer is mainly mixed with low-concentration compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the vigorous growth season can maintain the medium-high yield level. But now organic fertilizer has been applied very little, and even some places do not use organic fertilizer and rely mainly on the application of chemical fertilizer. In this case, how can the potato be produced with high quality?
The first thing to understand is the nutritional characteristics of the potato. It grows in the upper part of the shoots and grows in the lower part of the tubers. There is a large demand for NPK nutrients, and the ratio of NPK is 1:0.5:2.5. It can be seen that the potato needs the most potassium, the nitrogen is needed, and the phosphorus is less.
In the southern soil, the effective potassium is very low, and it should be noted that the potassium fertilizer should be added. Secondly, the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to adjust the nitrogen and potassium balance. The available potassium content in the northern soil is higher than in the south, but many soils are deficient in phosphorus.
At present, the application of potassium fertilizer in the northern region is not common, and the potassium in the soil has not been able to make ends meet. Therefore, while paying attention to the application of nitrogen fertilizer, it is also necessary to pay attention to the application of potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. In potato production, the appropriate ratio of NPK fertilizers is 1:0.5:0.6 for the northern region and 1:0.4:0.9 for the southern region. If the per mu production level is around 1500 kg, it is recommended that the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer per mu should be 10-12 kg of pure nitrogen.
In the fertilization method, it is necessary to divide the base fertilizer and the topdressing fertilizer. The distribution of the NPK fertilizer is 50% nitrogen fertilizer, all phosphate fertilizer and most potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer. Fertilizer varieties can be selected as compound fertilizers or with single fertilizers. 50% nitrogen and a small amount of potassium are used in top dressing. In the fertilization position, the base fertilizer is applied in the ditch or hole before planting, and the depth is about 15 cm.
The top dressing is applied between the rows or the side of the raft, or the fertilizer is buried 5 to 8 cm deep. After fertilization, the soil can be filled and covered with soil. In the time of top dressing, do not prematurely top dressing, and then proceed to the expansion period when the potato pieces enter the expansion period. Premature topdressing, especially the pursuit of large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, will make the upper part of the ground grow longer and the lower part of the potato will be smaller. In addition, the potato is sensitive to trace elements such as boron and zinc, and can be supplemented by root dressing.
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