First, the types of cruciferous vegetables included
Cabbage: Chinese cabbage, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, seaweed, Chinese red cabbage, etc.; cabbage: broccoli, broccoli, kale, broccoli, cabbage, etc.; mustard: leaf mustard, stem mustard (head ), mustard (turmeric), mustard, etc.; radish; aquatic vegetables.
Second, cruciferous vegetables, the main pests and control methods
1. Dishes
Dishes are small and soft, with a body shape that is almost elliptical and has a large body color change. Adult larvae and larvae suck juice on the leaves, resulting in curling and deformation of the leaves, poor plant growth, affecting the heart, resulting in reduced yields; damage stems, pedicels and tender pods of the seed strains, resulting in distortion of the pedicel deformity, can not be normal twitching , flowering, scab, pods are not full. In addition, maggots are also the vectors of cruciferous vegetable viruses, which are caused by the transmission of viruses, and sometimes they are more harmful than crickets themselves.
Prevention and control points: (1) Agricultural control: In the summer, the cruciferous vegetables can be planted or reduced, cutting or reducing the source and source of poison. (2) Physical control: 1 Use silver-gray film to avoid embarrassment. The seedbed is covered with a 17 cm wide silver-gray film, and a 3–6 cm wide silver-gray film is suspended every 60–100 cm on the bedside to prevent diarrhoea; 2 yellow plates are used to induce lice. The oil on the yellow board is inserted in the field, and the spring beetle can kill and kill the winged beak and reduce the density of the grasshopper in the field. 3 Chemical control: The first choice medicine for the rapeseed meal is 50% anti-influx (dispelling fog) 2000-3000 times liquid, followed by 10% imidacloprid wettable powder (Imidamine, quinone) 1 000-2000 times liquid. It can also use 2.5% rotenone emulsifiable concentrate 500 times, or 30% rosin sodium emulsifier 150-300 times, or 15% lebromopermanganate 2000-3000 times, or 1.3% rotenone cetyl emulsifiable concentrate 400-500 times, Or 10% Chlormethrin EC 1200-2400 times. Note alternate spraying 2-3 times or 3-4 times, depending on the situation of insects, seedlings, weather, etc., spray every 7-10 days, 10-15 days before harvest should stop medication.
2, yellow song jumps
Commonly known as dog aphids, adults and larvae can be harmful to host plants. Adults eat many small holes in the leaf surface, especially the most serious seedling damage. Freshly emerged seedlings, cotyledons are eaten or bite the growing point can cause the whole plant to die, resulting in seedling deficiency, or even destroy the seed. The larvae cut the root bark of the vegetable in the soil into a number of looped benthic tracts or snap fibrous roots. The more serious the pest is, the more serious it is to the south.
Prevention and control points: (1) Agricultural control: 1 Do a good job of idyllic cleanliness, remove deciduous leaves from the vegetable garden, eradicate weeds to eliminate its overwintering place and foodstuff base; 2 Timely ploughing and sowing soil before harvest or before sowing, creating unfavorable larvae The living environment eliminates some of the insects; 3 promote the rotation of cruciferous vegetables and other vegetables to reduce the damage; 4 strengthen the water and fertilizer management at the seedling stage; 5 use no insect seedlings when transplanting, if there is a root worm, the available liquid Immerse the roots, such as 90% trichlorfon crystals 1000 times or 2.5% rattan extract 600-800 times. (2) Physical control: Let black light trap adult insects. (3) Chemical prevention and control: (1) Drenched with pesticide as the main measure, 50% phoxim EC, 18% insecticide, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 90% trichlorfon crystal 1000 times solution was applied separately; 2 soil treatment before sowing, 5% phoxim granules (3 kg/mu), or Milur (1.5 kg/mu), or the above-mentioned agent of leaching The effect of killing larvae and pupae is good, and the residual effect period is more than 20 days, and can be used once; 3 spraying, during the period of adult activity, spraying from Tianbian to Tiannen, taking seedling stage as the focus of prevention and control. In addition to the above drugs, they can also be used 2.5% Kung Fu or Uranus, or 5% faster to kill enemy emulsion 5000 times, or 20% to wipe the emulsion 3000 times, or 90% Bata powder 1000-2000 times , Or 18% of insecticidal biphasic solution of 300 times, or 21% killing quail EC 4000 times solution.
3, diamondback moth
Plutella xylostella is a host plant that infests larvae. The first instar larvae only eat leafy meat, and the old larvae bite the leaves, resulting in nicks and holes. In spring and autumn, it was a disaster.
Prevention and control points: (1) Agricultural control: 1 Reasonable layout, in the large-area vegetable planting area or vegetable field of cruciferous vegetables, consciously grow non-host crops such as melon beans to make them separated by a certain distance; 2 after harvest Completely remove field stubbles and weeds in a timely manner and try to plow tillage and soil as soon as possible to reduce the insect source. 3 For cabbages, cabbages and other vegetables with a short growth period, try to make them grow one by one in the management and make the harvesting period more consistent. In a short period of time, we can unify the harvesting and unified tillage vegetable fields in order to effectively suppress the insect source. (2) Physical control: Using the characteristics of the moth's phototaxis and yellowing, a viscous yellow plate was used to trap adult insects during the adult stage. Seedlings for cabbage vegetables can be considered in the form of a small gauze nursery to avoid pests. (4) Chemical prevention and control: 1 New pesticides should be promoted, mixed, or used in combination with synergists and pesticides that are different from the commonly used insecticides; 2 they must have a proper control period; 3 they should be skillful; 4 Guangdong The recommended medicines for use in the vegetable area are: Compound Coccus edodes wettable powder 800-1200 times solution, or 50% insect-resistant 992 Emulsion 500-800 times solution, or 1% Vibo Emulsion 600-800 times solution, or 98% bar. Dan soluble powder 1500 times (such as mixed with Bt EC better), or 10% divided by EC 2300-4500 times, or 20% inhibition of AI suspension 400-630 times liquid, avermectin can also be used.
4, dishes
Dishes, commonly known as “boring insects†and “heart-eating insectsâ€, are important pests of cruciferous vegetables at seedling stage. Its damage is characterized by: larvae drill larvae, feeding seedlings heart and leaves, and spinning netting, the damaged seedlings due to the destruction of the growth point to stop growing, or even wilting to death, not only caused by lack of seedlings, and its old worms can drill Stalks and roots of the stem, spread soft rot, resulting in rotten vegetables, cut production. Most of the dishes are infested during August-October.
Prevention points: (1) Agricultural control: 1 Timely plowing of land after harvest to clean the pasture to reduce the source of insects; 2 Adjust the sowing time appropriately according to the conditions of the land, as far as possible to stagger the 3-5 true leaves of the seedlings and the period of occurrence of the insects. Can reduce the degree of victimization; 3 properly watered to increase soil moisture, can inhibit pests. (2) Control of spraying: It is necessary to grasp the timely application of insects at the time of adult emergence and larval incubating, or to arrange spraying according to the first time that the seedlings are damaged. The agent may be selected as follows: 21% of chlorpyrifos, 20% of fenvalerate, 20% of chlorimidazole each 6000 times, or 2.5% of kungfu 4,000 times, or 2.5% of Uranus 3,000 times each, or 5 % Nong Lunte EC, or 5% stuck Ke EC, 5% Cu Tai Bao EC 5000 times, or Cu Long 1500-2000 times and Kung Fu 3000 times. Pay attention to alternate spraying to ensure that the medicine is sprayed on the heart and leaves of the seedlings, and depending on the seedlings, insects, and the weather, the spray is sprayed 2-3 times, and sprayed once every 7-15 days.
5, cabbage white butterfly
Also known as the white butterfly, its larvae are commonly known as cabbage caterpillars. The cabbage white butterfly used larvae to harm cruciferous vegetables, and the larvae ate leaves, which seriously affected the growth and development of the plants, resulting in reduced yield. In addition, the worms excreted by larvae can contaminate bulbs of cauliflower and reduce the value of commercial products; wounds that are damaged on cabbage are susceptible to soft rot and cause the whole plant to rot and die. The cabbage butterfly is suitable for the average monthly temperature of 20-25 °C, and the monthly rainfall is less than 100 mm. The low temperature or high temperature and rainy season all affect their fertility, especially in the rainy season.
Prevention and control points: (1) Agricultural control: Reference to control of diamondback moth. (2) Biological control: 1Spray a bacterial insecticide such as Bt emulsion or adult insecticide 500-1000 times, spray at a temperature of 20°C or more and 3 years of age, spray 3 times, and spray every 7-15 days. 1; 2 spray cabbage granules virus preparations, if there is no ready-made preparations, 5-13 instars and dead bodies can be used for 10-13 heads/mu, afloat watering 37-150 kg/mu evenly spray, cabbage, cabbage from the colonization Spraying 1-2 times until harvesting, broccoli and kale are sprayed 3-4 times throughout the entire period, every 10-15 days; 3 Chemical control: Chemical pesticides suitable for the diamondback moth can be used to control cabbage caterpillars. In addition, the resistance status of Pieris rapae in different parts of the country can be selected as follows: 40% methylzincphos emulsion 1000-2000 times, or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 2000-3000 times, or 0.5% ridge kill 600-1200 times of insect EC, or 500-700 times of 0.5% solution of warfarin, or 450-1000 times of 1% matrine solution, or 2000-3000 times of 15% solution of bromine, or 70% of bromine Horse cream 2500-5000 times, or 70% dibromourethane 4500-7000 times, or 37% cis-trans Chlorella EC 800-1600 times, or 25% cyanine EC 2500-5000 times, or 20% Chrysanthemum-killing oil is 2000-4000 times liquid, or kungfu 3000-5000 times liquid and Culong 1500-2000 times liquid.
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