At present, flush fertilization is widely used in greenhouse cultivation and open field vegetables. Due to the rapid fertilization effect of fertilization, the effect is generally two to three days after the flush, and three to five days later, the effect is visible, which is reflected in the obvious changes in leaf color and plant height, which is in line with the psychology of some growers who are anxious to achieve success. Rush fertilization, as its name implies, is a method of fertilizing with water. Generally, it is used as topdressing to provide supplemental nutrition during the rapid growth of crops. Since it is supplementary fertilization, it cannot replace the main fertilization methods such as base fertilizer. Fertilizer can only be applied by dissolving it in water. Because of the convenient application of fertilizer, many farmers are accustomed to putting granular compound fertilizers of different sizes, urea, potassium chloride, etc. in buckets or even directly at the head of the canal. When the water reaches the roots of the crop, it is not clear whether the fertilizer particles are dissolved. Some people even apply granulated high-concentration compound fertilizers after smashing, and some people use undecomposed and insoluble solid organic fertilizers or microbial preparations as fertilizers. These are inappropriate.
Only water-soluble fertilizers can be used to flush nitrogen fertilizers with water. Commonly used are urea, ammonia, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate. Among potassium fertilizers, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate can be applied, and potassium nitrate can also be used. In phosphate fertilizers, even water-soluble phosphorus monoammonium and phosphorus diammonium should not be applied, because phosphate fertilizers have poor mobility after being dissolved, and can be easily fixed, and cannot penetrate into the root layer with water. The best way to apply phosphate fertilizer is to bury it in layers. Only in this way can the utilization rate be increased. Nitrogen fertilizer application should be limited and reduced, regardless of cost. Blind application of a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer will not only cause nutrient waste, but also lead to excessive growth of vegetables and reduced quality. At the same time, it will cause water pollution and aggravate soil salinization. In vegetable cultivation, the amount of pure nitrogen for each fertilization should be controlled at 2 ~ 3 kg / mu, especially the nitrate nitrogen should be controlled below 2 ~ 3 kg / mu, and the limited amount of potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide) is generally At 2 to 4 kg / mu. It is generally advisable to apply fertilizer twice during the whole growth period.
Fertilizer application should be carried out in a timely manner during the rapid growth period of the crop. For example, if the vegetables are in the full fruit period, after picking the fruits, the Chinese cabbage is in the filling period, and the autumn vegetables generally choose the period of decreasing temperature, at which time the soil mineralization is reduced. , The best nutritional effect.
For flush irrigation, it is necessary to control the volume of flood irrigation to prevent flooding. In canal irrigation, the trench depth is appropriate to the amount of water to prevent the nutrients dissolved in the water from losing with the water. Some people use granulated high-concentration compound fertilizers after smashing. Some people use undecomposed and insoluble solid organic fertilizers or microbial preparations as fertilizers. These are inappropriate.
In short, the following points should be mastered in principle: fertilization should be used in a timely and appropriate amount, mainly for topdressing in intensive vegetable cultivation, and mainly for nitrogen and potassium. There are four kinds of fertilizers that should not be applied: one does not apply phosphorus; two does not apply granular compound fertilizer; three does not apply solid organic fertilizer; four does not apply microbial preparations or fertilizers.
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