First, soil selection and cornice arrangements
Garlic is not very strict with regard to the forehead, but avoid continuous cropping or smashing with onions and garlics, otherwise it will grow weak and be susceptible to pests and diseases. Early precooked beans, cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes, corn and other crops can be used as pre-planters, and can also be interplanted with food. Garlic is a shallow root crop with undeveloped root system. Therefore, the sandy loam should be flat, rich in organic matter, easy and fertile, and capable of maintaining strong fertility.
Second, the application of base fertilizer
Before the crop was harvested, the crop was immediately wiped out. 7 to 8 days before sowing, every 667 square meters of farmhouse ash compost or compost 2500-3000 kg, urea 10 kg, phosphate fertilizer 100 kg, potassium sulfate 10 kg, or ternary compound fertilizer 40-50 kg per 667 square meters. After fertilization, the plots were ploughed and the depth was 18 to 20 cm, so that the soil fertilizers were evenly mixed, and then the lotus roots were planted. The lotus root was 0.7-1.0 m wide.
Third, choose garlic
Choose healthy and consistent growth, garlic hard, round, head size, clove, garlic neat, no pest damage, in line with the characteristics of the species of garlic to do the seed, strictly starting off the yellow, soft, insects, the top bud damage and stem plate Yellow, rotten garlic cloves. According to large, medium and small three-level, one or two for species. The average weight of the hundred petals is 400-500g. The species is large, storage nutrition is more, the roots are developed, the plants grow robustly, the garlic head and garlic sprouts grow well, and the high yield and high quality. Every 667 square meters of field requires 100 to 150 kilograms of garlic.
Four kinds of garlic treatment
Before the selection of garlic cloves, but also to deal with garlic, specific methods: Remove the chassis, so that hair roots can be 3 to 5 days in advance; soaking germination, soaking with water, the first garlic into the barrel, while spraying The water, while stirring, makes the garlic skin moist all the time, after 24 hours to sow, in order to facilitate germination and shorten the emergence period. The valve can be soaked in 500 times 50% carbendazim or 70% mancozeb WP solution for 24 hours, and then remove and dry the surface water to sow seedlings, which can increase the seedling rate, Miao Qi Miao Zhuang, is conducive to Increase production. 100 kg of garlic can be soaked for every 100 kg of liquid.
Fifth, suitable for sowing
Only proper sowing of garlic can make the high quality and high yield of garlic and garlic. The best sowing date in Guizhou Province is from September 15th to September 25th. At this time, the sown garlic, sprouting and rooting are basically carried out at the same time, and the emergence is normal. The seedlings grow well before winter and the high quality and high yield of garlic and garlic can be obtained. Generally 7 to 9 days emerge.
Sixth, reasonable close planting
When sowing, we insist on seeding along the ditch, ditch depth 4 to 5 cm, soil compaction after sowing, density in principle determined according to garlic size, soil fertility, sowing sooner or later, for garlic large, soil fertilizer, planting early can be appropriate Thin spots, and vice versa. Under normal circumstances, pure planting fields are 18 to 20 centimeters in length, 8 to 10 centimeters in spacing, and about 40,000 plants per 667 square meters.
Seven, sowing method
The dry broadcasting method is generally adopted. First, shallow grooves of 3 to 5 cm in depth are to be formed on the surface of the sorghum. Then, according to the determined spacing of the plants, the garlic cloves (in the direction of the dorsal and ventral lines of the garlic and the direction of sowing) are aligned. Flatten and pour out the water. The water source can be easily wetted by wet sowing method. Before the water is soaked, the garlic valve is inserted into the wet soil directly according to the spacing of the plant, and then covered with a layer of 3 to 5 cm thick fine soil. Conditional cover film, cover film can be listed 5 to 7 days earlier than normal.
Eight, field management
1. Top dressing On the basis of applying base fertilizer, top dressing should be carried out in accordance with the principle of “applying Miao Fei lightly, skillfully applying back green manure, reapplying pumping manure, and supplementing the application of priming fertilizerâ€. Specific methods: Miao Fei, should be applied in the 2 to 3 leaf stage, this time garlic has undergone autotrophic growth stage, visible seedlings per 667 square meters with 1000 kilograms of manure manure poured water; return green manure, should be in 3 In the middle of the month, when the temperature gradually rises, when garlic is about to return to green, it will be topdressing. Generally, 15 to 20 kg of urea will be applied per 667 square meters, and the amount of basal fertilizer will be increased by 25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per 667 square meters. In mid-April, the garlic sheath leaf (last leaf) had the best effect when exposed. In general, 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium sulfate were applied per 667 square meters; Instigated with head fertilizer, 5 kg of urea was applied per 667 square meters after collecting moss. Potassium sulfate 5 kg.
2, in case of drought after watering sowing, it will be poured out of seedling water. In addition, timely watering after top dressing. Avoid flood irrigation.
3. Chemical weeding before weeding and cultivating garlic in weeds and cultivars can generally control the occurrence of weeds. However, due to adverse weather effects such as drought or rain, it is difficult to achieve the desired results, and we need to carry out cultivating and weeding. It is beneficial to improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase ground temperature, and promote root growth. Cultivated grasses are mainly carried out in two stages: the leaf stage ~ the big cold, in this stage two depths of about 2 cm deep cultivator should be carried out, to promote the roots under the bar, nurturing strong seedlings; spring ~ vernal equinox, should be carried out 3 ~ 4 times 1 ~ The medium and shallow depths of 1.5 centimeters in depth require no damage to the roots, no damage to the seedlings, and no netting. After Qingming, the garlic has been ridged and the cultivator should stop cultivating tillage so as to prevent damage to the root system and affect the yield. If weeds are present, they should be manually removed.
4, control the use of hormones for the direct supply of the market, not for storage and preservation of the raw garlic, such as dihydrate early, March yellow and other varieties, can be used in an appropriate amount of hormones. The method is: when the moss tail begins to emerge, spraying a concentration of 20 ~ 30 mg / l of gibberellin solution, 1 g of active ingredient per 667 square meters of dazzling gibberellin can promote the rapid growth of garlic moss, bolting concentrated, increased Early moss rate, increase production. For garlic cultivation that does not directly supply the market for storage and preservation, such as Sheyang White Garlic and March Yellow, it is not appropriate to use glycins and other hormones, because the use of hormones after the garlic thin skin, moisture content, leading to perishable , not resistant to storage.
Nine, the main pest control
The major pests and diseases of garlic production include leaf blight, rust, garlic sprouts, and onion thrips. In terms of prevention and control, we must adhere to the strategy of "giving priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention and control." specific method:
1, leaf blight symptoms: the main damage leaves and pedicels. Leaf disease often begins at the tips of leaves or other parts of the leaves. The lesions begin with white, round spots, and are irregularly shaped or oval-shaped gray or gray-brown lesions upon expansion, giving rise to black mildew, severe illness. Leaves dead. Pedicel infections are easily broken off from the disease department, and many small black spots are scattered in the diseased part. Garlic is not bolted when the hazard is serious. Control methods: Strengthen field management, increase fertilization, close-in close planting, remove water, and enhance plant resistance. After the harvest, the diseased plants were burned and the damaged leaves and pedicels were promptly removed. At the beginning of the disease, spray 75% chlorothalonil wet powder 600 times, or 50% acetaminophen wettable powder 1500 times, 64% antivirus WP 500 times, 60% saponin phosphorus aluminum wettable powder 500 times , 50% copper carboxylate wettable powder 500 times liquid, every 7 to 10 days 1 time, continuous control 3 to 4 times.
2. Symptoms of rust: Infested leaves and pseudostems. At the beginning of the disease, a fusiform chlorotic spot appeared. After the epidermis, a round or slightly elliptically shaped uredia spores emerged. After the epidermis ruptured, orange-yellow powders emerged, namely the summer spores, with yellow spots around the lesions. Halo, severe disease caused by the whole leaf yellow and dry, plant premature death. In the late growth period, a black teliospore that does not rupture the epidermis is produced on the unruptured urediaspores heap. Control methods: a reasonable rotation, to avoid mixed with onions and garlic, clean the garden in time, reduce the initial infestation source. Timely and late sowing, rational fertilization, reducing the number of irrigation, eliminate flood irrigation. In the case of many years of rainfall, early spring should be checked in time to find out the onset center and spray prevention. Spray 15% Triadimefon WP 1500 times or 20% Triadimefon EC 2000 times, 15% Triadimefon WP300~500x, 25% Demulsifier 3000x, or 25% Depigmentation oil 4000 times solution plus 15% Triadimefon wettable powder 2000 times, 70% mancozeb wettable powder 1000 times liquid plus 15% triadimefon wettable powder 2000 times, every 10 to 15 days , continuous prevention 1 or 2 times.
3, gray leaf spot symptoms: the main damage to the leaves, lesions long oval, pale brown at the beginning, after the gray, leaf lesions on both sides of the fine gray black moldy, that is, the fruiting body of the disease, when the lesion convergence, Part of the leaves died. Control methods: Dispose of the diseased body promptly after harvest and concentrate burn or deep burial. Strengthen management, adopt formula fertilization, enhance plant disease resistance, and drain water in time after rain. At the beginning of the disease, spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, or 50% potassium citrate copper wettable powder 500 times, 50% acetaminophen wettable powder 1000~1500 times, 77% can kill Wet particulate powder 500 times, 50% polysulfide suspension 500 times, about 10 days 1 time, control 1 or 2 times.
4, coal spot symptoms: the main damage to the leaves. At the beginning, the lesions were pale dots, gradually expanding to form elliptic or spindle-shaped lesions with the major axis parallel to the veins. The central area was yellowish with reddish-brown edges, and the periphery was yellow and quickly expanded toward the ends of the leaves, especially to the leaves. The rapid expansion of the tip causes the tip to twist and die. The center of the lesion is dark olive, villous when it is warm, and powdery when dry. When a disease is infested, there are often several lesions on one leaf, causing the whole plant to die. The dark olive fluffy material on which the thicker growth was born was different from the Haematococcus bacterium that caused garlic leaf blight. Control methods: timely sowing, reasonable close planting, adequate base fertilizer, timely top dressing, increased potassium fertilizer and humus fertilizer, promote robust growth of plants, and enhance disease resistance. Strengthen field management, timely clean the pastoral area, burn or bury the diseased body, apply adequately decomposed organic fertilizer, and avoid fertilizing the fertilizer. Chemical control, spraying 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times or 65% zeocin WP 400 to 600 times in the initial stage of disease, 7~10 days every time, continuous control 2~3 times.
5. Mosaic disease symptoms: At the beginning of the disease, discontinuous yellow strips appear along the veins and connect to the same long stripe of yellow and green. The plants are dwarfed, and the individual plants' heart leaves are enveloped by neighboring leaves. They are curled and malformed. Fully stretched, causing the blades to twist. The bulbs of diseased plants became smaller, or the number of garlic cloves and fibrous roots decreased. Severe garlic cloves were stiff. The storage period was particularly obvious, and the yield and quality of garlic were significantly reduced, causing deterioration of species. Control methods: Strict seed selection, as far as possible the establishment of the original species base, using bulbs of light wards of garlic for seeding, reduce the bulbs with poison rate. The in vitro culture of the shoot apical meristem of garlic can be used to remove the virus from the bulbs of garlic to form a detoxified garlic seed. Avoid neighboring or continuous cropping with green onions, leeks, etc. to reduce natural poisoning in fields. Spray insecticides on garlic fields and surrounding crops to control aphids to prevent the virus from being repeatedly infected. Strengthen fertilizer and water management, avoid premature aging, and increase plant resistance to disease. In the initial stage of disease, spraying 1.5% of Phytophthora seedling emulsion 1000 times or 20% of virus A wettable powder 500 times, and of antitoxic agent No. 1 water 250 to 300 times, once every 10 days, continuous prevention and treatment 2 or 3 times.
6, bacterial soft rot symptoms: garlic infection from the edge of the leaf or midrib, the formation of yellow-white stripe along the margin or midrib, can run through the entire leaf, when the humidity is high, the disease was yellow-brown soft rot. In general, the lower leaves begin to develop and gradually expand toward the upper leaves, causing the whole plant to yellow or die. In the early stage of disease prevention and control method, 77% of the wettable particulate powder can be sprayed in a timely manner at 500 times, or 50% of copper chloride can be used as a wettable powder 500 times, 12% of green copper oil 500 times or 14% of ammoniac copper water. 300 times liquid agent, 72% of agricultural streptomycin sulfate powder 4000 times, every 7 to 10 days 1 times, depending on the condition of continuous control 2 to 3 times.
7. Symptoms of yellow leaves and dry tips: Yellow leaves and yellow leaves of garlic occur at the seedling stage; dry tips appear in adult plants. Control methods: Apply adequately cooked organic fertilizer. The place where garlic is grown should be rotated. Pay attention to the prevention of mantle damage in time. In order to prevent rotten mother yellow tips, should be before the rotten mother, start top dressing irrigation, in order to reduce the occurrence of yellow leaves and dry tips, promote the differentiation of flower moss and garlic.
8, garlic sprouts apply organic fertilizer to fully decomposed; in the garlic bolt damage period (in early April), with 50% phoxim EC 1000 times or 80% dipterex crystal 500 times Irrigation; or spray dichlorvos 1000 times Liquid insecticide eggs, 48% chlorpyrifos 300 ~ 500 times EC sprayed surface.
9, onion thrips in the spring after the use of 20% imidacloprid EC 5000 ~ 7000 times solution or 50% dichlorvos 800 times in time to spray, to reduce the population density control hazards.
X. Harvest and follow-up management
1, Harvest harvest is premature, garlic tissue is not full, high moisture content, easy drying after sun exposure, low yield, intolerant of storage; late harvest, garlic peel darkened, bulk garlic growth, poor commercial quality. The optimum harvest time for garlic is: the leaves of garlic are mostly dry and the upper leaves are faded from the faded leaves to the tips of the leaves. The plants are in a soft state and the pseudo stems are not easily broken. 18 to 20 days after harvesting garlic, the garlic has basically reached the harvesting standard. However, the processing of salted garlic, sweet and sour garlic garlic should be harvested about 5 days ahead of schedule, in order to maintain its crisp quality flavor.
2. Harvesting method One day before harvest, lightly pour 1 water to make the soil moist and easy to grow garlic. Pull up the fake stem with garlic and pull the garlic out. If sowing is too deep, the soil is hardened, or the small garlic head and headed garlic are fallen earlier, or the plants with fine stems are easy to pull off, dig up the root soil of the garlic head with a spade at 5-6 cm from the garlic, and then pull out. Out of garlic. Avoid garlic damage when pulling garlic.
3, follow-up management to export garlic should immediately cut off the roots, put in the field to dry, require a row of garlic leaves on the front row of garlic, only dried garlic leaves, not drying garlic, to prevent the sun burning sunburn burning garlic organization. During the drying process, it is necessary to turn over the sun and dry it as soon as possible. General field sun 2 to 3 days can be. Distribution, transportation and storage.
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