1 Jin Yuli biological characteristics
Fruit shape, fruit size, average fruit weight 210g, maximum fruit weight 328g, golden yellow skin, less fruit rust, sweet taste, white fruit, small heart, delicate and crisp meat, juice, quality, soluble solid 12% to 14.8% of the matter did not occur pear black heart disease during storage. High germination rate, strong branching ability, after two-year-old branches are shorted, 5-6 branches can be drawn. The result is early, and the rate of 2-year-old trees is 64%. The average result is 12 per plant and 2.52 kg per plant. With a yield of 279.7kg per 667m2, the rate of the third year of birth is 100%, and the high yield of early fruits is strong. Flower buds germinate in mid-March, early flowering at the end of March, full flowering period in early April, final flowering period in mid-April, fruit ripening in mid-September, deciduous period in mid-November, and vegetative growth days in 210 days.
2 cultivation techniques
2.1 Building Park
Before planting, plant a planting hole with a depth of 1m and a width of 1m, and apply a fully decomposed farmyard fertilizer of 30kg. Mix well with the soil and fill in the bottom of the hole. It was planted in early March. After the planting, it was set to dry at a distance of 70 cm above the ground and covered with a 1m1m black mulch on the tree tray.
2.2 Pruning
Using an improved spindle tree shape, the height of the tree is about 3m after the formation, and the stem height is 50cm. It has 9 to 11 small main branches, and the branch spacing is 25cm. The staggered arrangement is helical, and the branches are born on the main branch. Saplings were trimmed mainly with light shears and long shoots. Minor short cuts were made on the branches of the stems to remove the dense shoots in time and slowly release the mean tree branches. To promote the conversion of axillary buds into flower buds, pay attention to the arrangement and cultivation of large, medium and small fruiting branches, and to trim the resulting branches, the "three sets of branches" pruning method should be adopted, that is, the result branches, flower buds, growth and development branches of the year. 1/3 of the proportion of pruning, the purpose is to grow, flower, the result is correct, eventually reached, year after year, high yield, stable production, no size.
2.3 Thinning and fruit thinning
Jin Yuli should enter into the full fruit period to make reasonable fruit thinning and fruit thinning. The thinning flower is at flowering stage. The adjacent flowers of the same fruit branch are separated by 8 to 10 cm, and after 15 to 20 days after flowering, the chlorotic fruit, small fruit, disease and fruit, malformation are neglected. As a result, 1 fruit per 15 to 20 cm is left, and the strong branches have more fruits, the fruit is pressed, the weak branches are less, the strong fruits on the back have more fruits, the weak fruit branches have less fruits, and the branches on both sides Moderate fruit retention. In the branches that will be updated, they will stay close to each other, and the result of the next year will be spent in the next year. This will prepare for the retraction of branches.
2.4 Fertilizer Water Management
In autumn, basal fertiliser generally applies about 3500kg of superfluous livestock and poultry manure every 667m2 plus 20kg each of superphosphate and potassium sulfate, plus appropriate amount of magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, and ferrous sulfate. For every 667m2 of the year, 50kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 80kg of compound fertilizer are generally applied at the bud stage, after flowering or during the fruit expansion period; organic calcium fertilizer is sprayed twice during the young fruit period, the drainage is noticed during the rainy season, and soil moisture is timely after fertilization. Irrigation.
2.5 pest control
The main diseases and pests of Jin Yuli in Zhumadian are: ringworm, pear rust, and rot. Insect pests include hibiscus, aphids, leafhoppers, carnivores, and nets. The prevention and control method is: clearing the garden in winter, brushing white trunks, removing branches and leaves with eggs, and burning them out of the park. Before germination, spray 3 to 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur to eliminate overwintering eggs and pathogenic bacteria. After 10 days of Xiehua, spraying Baume 0.3-degree lime sulfur or 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture and Kungfu EC 3000 times alternately every 10 days can effectively prevent pear rust, rot, ring rot, and roundworm. In addition, spraying 10% imidacloprid soluble powder 2000 times solution and 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times prior to bagging can effectively prevent rot disease, ringworm disease, pear embroider disease, pear hibiscus, aphids and leaves. Pelicans, carnivores, and pears. After harvesting, the fruit was sprayed with 50% carbendazim soluble powder 800 times solution plus 5% cypermethrin 1500 times, spraying once every 7-10 days, and spraying twice, which can effectively control the occurrence of pests.
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An organic compound formed by dehydration of amino acids, containing carboxyl and amino groups, and being amphoteric. Also known as "peptide".
Two, one of the amide. It consists of two or more amino acids joined by the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the other. An amino acid cannot be called a peptide, nor can a peptide be synthesized, but must be a compound of two or more amino acids linked by a peptide bond. Compounds where two amino acids are linked by a peptide bond are called dipeptides; A compound with three amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a tripeptide, and so on, a compound with thirty-four amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a thirty-four peptide.
A peptide is a chain of polymers of amino acids
A peptide is a chain of polymers of amino acids
Three, is related to the biological body of a variety of cell functions of biological active substances. Hundreds of peptides have been found in living organisms, which are essential participants in the body's complex physiological activities. All cells can synthesize peptides and their functional activities are regulated by peptides. It involves hormones, nerves, cell growth and reproductive fields, and its importance lies in the regulation of various systems, organs and cells in the body. The physiological and pharmacological effects of enzymatic polypeptides are mainly to activate related enzymes in vivo, promote the permeability of intermediate metabolic membrane, or affect specific protein synthesis by controlling DNA transcription or translation, and eventually produce specific physiological effects or play their pharmacological effects. Peptide is better than amino acid, one is faster than amino acid absorption; Second, it is absorbed by the body in a complete form; Third, active absorption (amino acids are passive absorption); Fourth, low consumption, compared with amino acids, peptide absorption has the characteristics of low consumption or no energy consumption, peptide absorption through the duodenum, directly into the blood circulation, their own energy nutrition transported to various parts of the human body; Fifth, peptide absorption is less than amino acid, with the characteristics of unsaturated; Sixth, there are only 20 kinds of amino acids, with countable functions, while peptides take amino acids as substrates, which can be synthesized into hundreds of thousands of kinds.
It is mainly divided into medical polypeptide drugs, peptide antibiotics, vaccines, antimicrobial peptides for agricultural use, small peptides for feed, cosmetics for daily use, soybean polypeptides for food, corn polypeptides, yeast polypeptides and sea cucumber peptides.
From the functional point of view, can be divided into antihypertensive peptide, antioxidant peptide, cholesterol lowering peptide, opioid active peptide, high F value oligopeptide, food strong taste peptide and so on.
Active peptide, and nutrition, hormone, enzyme inhibition, regulation of immunity, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant has a very close relationship. Polypeptides are generally divided into: polypeptide drugs and polypeptide health products. Traditional peptide drugs are mainly peptide hormones. The development of peptide drugs has been developed into various fields of disease prevention and treatment, especially in the following fields. [2]
Antitumor polypeptide
Tumorigenesis is the result of many factors, but ultimately all involve the regulation of oncogene expression. In 2013, many tumor-related genes and regulatory factors have been discovered. Screening peptides specifically bound to these genes and regulatory factors has become a new hot spot in the search for anticancer drugs. For example, somatostatin has been used to treat endocrine tumors of the digestive system; American scholars found a hexapeptide can significantly inhibit adenocarcinoma in vivo; Swiss scientists have discovered an octapeptide that induces apoptosis in tumor cells. [2]
Antiviral polypeptide
By binding to specific receptors on host cells, viruses adsorb cells and rely on their own specific proteases for protein processing and nucleic acid replication. Therefore, peptides binding to host cell receptors or active sites such as viral proteases can be selected from the peptide library for antiviral therapy. In 2013, many small peptides with antiviral properties have been screened from peptide banks in Canada, Italy and other countries, and some small peptides have entered the stage of clinical trials. In June 2004, the Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Microbiology came out of the news, which was undertaken by the Chinese Academy of Sciences known
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