Winter and spring pod pepper is the most important production gargle in pepper cultivation in the solar greenhouse. General planting in mid-November, can be harvested in early January, until the second summer. Combining scientific and rational cultivation and management measures, and applying solar greenhouses for pollution-free cultivation of pepper, can obtain better economic benefits.
1. Build a greenhouse. The new type of energy-saving solar greenhouses has undergone a comprehensive improvement of the structure of the original solar greenhouse and environmental control technologies. The light transmittance of energy-saving solar greenhouses is generally between 60% and 80%, and the difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures can be maintained at 21°C-25°C, making it possible to achieve even without heating or slightly warming in the severe winter in the cold regions of the north. Production of pepper and other thermophilic fruit and vegetables. There are many ways to classify solar greenhouses. According to the classification of wall materials, it can be mainly divided into dry concrete base greenhouses, brick and stone structure greenhouses, composite structure greenhouses; according to the length of the back slope can be divided into long back slope greenhouse and short back slope greenhouse; according to the shape of the front roof can be divided into Two-fold, three-fold, arch-type, micro-arch greenhouse, etc.; according to the structure can be divided into bamboo and wood structure, steel and wood structure, reinforced concrete structure, steel structure and cable structure. The classification of structural forms can be used to summarize various types of greenhouses. Therefore, many types of greenhouses are classified according to this.
2. Select the variety. Variety selection should take into account the product flow direction and the adaptability of the varieties to the solar greenhouse. Combining the flow of goods to the market for the requirements of commodity peppers, pay attention to the selection of good varieties that are resistant to low temperature, low light, disease resistance, high yield, and high rate of results. At present, the main cultivars include Yijiao No.1, Hongguowang, Zhongjiao No.6, Zhongjiao No.7, bell pepper Zhongjiao No.5 and Jingtian No.3.
3. Sowing seedlings. Winter and spring pepper greenhouse cultivation in the sun generally sowing in early September, planting in mid-November.
4. Fertilize and rake. Foot hoeing, foot ploughing and deep ploughing are important conditions for the cultivation of peppers in greenhouses in winter and spring. The cultivation of pepper in solar greenhouses requires high basal fertilizer, generally requiring 8000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 50 kg of superphosphate, 100 kg of cooked cake fat, 40 kg of potassium chloride, and 20 kg of urea. Fertilize the soil deep into the soil and mix thoroughly with the soil. It can be cultivated with a flat mulching film, with a width of 60-65 cm, and a width of 30 cm. In the middle of the surface, a deep 10 cm wide and 20 cm wide groove should be opened so that the film can be filled with water. The sorghum noodles can be made into low slopes with high slopes in the south to increase the light and increase the soil temperature. Also often used small high ridge film cultivation, generally ridge width 70-75 cm, groove width 50 cm, ridge height 15 cm, 2 rows per ridge planting, hole spacing 40 cm, 2 plants per hole. 3200-3400 hole per acre planting, planting about 6,500 pepper seedlings, the general greenhouse front dense back and thin.
5. Scientific colonization. When planting, the soil temperature must not fall below 15°C. Colonization should be carried out on a sunny morning. Prepare everything in advance and strive to end planting around 2 pm. Colonization can be planted by ditching and watering first, that is, 10 cm deep shallow ditch by row spacing. Before the planting, the bottom water should be poured 2-3 days before the planting, and after the watering, it is closed without ventilation to increase the soil temperature. It can also be watered after planting in order to facilitate rooting.
6. Temperature management. The temperature management of the solar greenhouse in winter and spring is very important. After the peppers are planted in winter, they are not ventilated or lightly breeze until the seedlings are warmed, and the high-temperature, high-humidity environment is maintained for about 7 days to promote seedlings and hair growth. After the seedlings are regulated, the temperature is controlled by adjusting the ventilation volume. Shed temperature is maintained at 26°C-28°C during the day, 16°C-18°C at night, and 10°C above 10cm. The temperature before the curtain was 10°C-14°C. As the peppers enter the result period, the temperature begins to drop, and the insulation work must be strengthened. Especially in the cold regions of northern China, as far as possible from the fruit setting to the harvest stage, it is necessary to increase the temperature, heat preservation and increase the light as much as possible, such as cleaning the shed film every day, properly keeping the grasshopper temperature at night, and increasing the number of grasshoppers to increase the night temperature. Maintain daylight temperatures of 20°C-25°C in the shed and keep temperatures above 10°C at night. After entering spring, gradually increase ventilation with warmer weather. Appropriate early exposing and late covering. To the cultivation period of open cultivation, we can not cover the grass curtain. After the minimum temperature in the outside world stabilized at 15°C, the footing film was lifted and ventilation was carried out day and night.
7. Fertilizer management. After easing the seedlings, according to the soil moisture content, the high-ridge cultivation can be used to infuse the small water 1-2 times under the film, and the water level of the flat ridge cultivation is lightly watered, and then the seedlings are planted. Watering is done on a sunny morning. During seedling, 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for foliar fertilizer application, which is good for hair rooting. If the seedlings are too weak, foliar spray of sugar nitrogen solution (0.2% urea plus 1% glucose) has a good effect. After the door pepper sat, combined with watering for the first time dressing, each mu can be accompanied by water flushing manure 2000 kg or about 15 kg of ammonium nitrate and potassium fertilizer 8-10 kg. After every 15-20 days, water once. According to the situation, every 2-4 times of water will be used to recover the fertilizer. After spring, the water shall be poured every 7-10 days. Each time, the fertilizer such as diammonium phosphate, urea and potassium sulfate are flushed with water. Fertilizers should be used interchangeably. After the hot pepper enters the fruitful period, proper addition of carbon dioxide can significantly increase the yield of pepper. Topdressing carbon dioxide should strictly control the amount of use, application concentration and application time, the concentration is generally 550-750 mg / l, the amount of 0.18-0.98 kg per acre, the application time should be grasped shortly after sunrise, 1 hour before ventilation to stop Application. Http://Content/3811241e-e888-4473-a444-e83b69115245?cType=2
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