Autumn is a suitable period for strawberry colonization in greenhouses, and it is also a critical period for strawberry management. The quality of strawberry planting has great influence on its survival, growth and future management.
1 Site preparation before planting
Usually in the late mid-July, when the shed is idle, take a high temperature stuffy shed. In early August, you can uncover the shed. As the high-temperature sterilization kills organisms in the greenhouse soil, there are relatively few soil microorganisms, and the amount of beneficial microorganisms should be supplemented to form a dominant flora, which is conducive to the healthy growth of strawberries. At the same time with organic fertilizer, improve the soil environment and enhance soil fertility.
After the soil is sterilized, it is plowed, flattened and ridged. Generally, it is planted with ridges (ridges). The width of the ridge (ridge) should be 40 cm, the width of the ridge (ridge) should be 60 cm, and the height should be 30-35 cm. , ridge (ridge) from 90 to 100 cm, groove width of about 40 cm.
The use of drip irrigation can reduce soil compaction and permeability caused by watering. It is very beneficial to maintain ground temperature in the winter, reduce the humidity in the greenhouse, and prevent the occurrence of diseases.
During the colonization, in order to avoid the strong light irradiation and high temperature affecting the seedlings and the survival rate of the strawberry seedlings, a sunshade net may be laid on the day before planting to reduce the light and temperature.
2 Select high quality seedlings
The selection of seedlings should use a variety of disease-free seedlings with robust growth and many roots. General seedlings must have at least four leaves, stems about 0.6 to 1.2 cm. If the seedlings are purchased from a distant location, the large leaves of the plants should be cut off at the time of cultivation, leaving only 2-3 leaflets in the middle, which can reduce evaporation of leaf water and increase its survival rate. Strawberry seedlings should be soaked with fungicides during colonization in order to eliminate the germs brought by the seedlings.
3 Detailed planting techniques
Planting time
The calibration time of greenhouse cultivation should be determined according to the degree of differentiation of the top flower buds. When the top flower bud differentiation rate reaches 50%, it can be planted. In the production practice, if there is a sharp arch in the short base, the ear leaves appear on the petiole at the base of the leaf. At this time, the time for planting is reached. Generally, in mid-September, select the evening or cloudy day for planting.
It is worth noting that strawberries are planted at a temperature of 30°C and the survival rate is only 10%; the temperature is around 25°C and the survival rate is 50%; the temperature is around 15°C and the survival rate is 95%. Strawberries planted in summer or early autumn have a very low survival rate, causing serious losses in production. In particular, seedlings imported from other regions have more serious problems. Avoid premature colonization. The optimum temperature for general planting is 15 to 23°C.
Density and depth
Reasonable density is an important condition for obtaining high yield of strawberry, generally about 6,000-8,000 strains/mu, and the specific planting density is introduced with reference to each variety. Each row of ridges is planted in triangles with a spacing of 25 to 30 cm and a spacing of 15 to 20 cm.
The depth of seedlings is the key to the survival of strawberries. Planting a deep seedling was buried in the earth, causing rotten heart; If rooting or burying occurs after irrigation, replant should be timely!
Planting direction
When planting seedlings must pay attention to the planting direction of the seedlings, the back of the strawberry seedlings must be directed toward both sides of the sulcus, and the future ears will be pumped to both sides of the ridge, which will facilitate ventilation, management and harvesting.
4 Post-planting management
Promote slow seedlings
After planting, the roots were filled with water and watered 1 or 2 times a day. Afterwards, they were watered to prevent drought, until the seedlings survived. After entering the flower bud differentiation stage after easing seedlings, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened to control water and nitrogen, and to prevent seedlings from growing in order to promote flower bud differentiation.
Water Management
After planting, the roots of the strawberry seedlings were slow and the root growth was in the weakest period. Due to the high temperature and strong sunlight, combined with the large leaf area of ​​the strawberry seedlings, the leaves lost water seriously and the seedlings withered and anthrax could easily occur. Field furrow irrigation can be used to maintain semi-channel water, so that the soil is always in a wet state, and rainy weather drains the ditch water in a timely manner, which helps to protect the root system, reduce wilting seedlings, and reduce the occurrence of anthrax.
Fertilization management
Pay attention to several times suitable dressing, if you do not timely fertilizer, strawberry plants are easy to show premature dwarfing. Usually at least 4 to 5 times the fat, with 7 to 10 times is appropriate. In the cover film before (planting into the current period), the beginning of the incubation period, flowering fruit set, the early harvest of each topdressing fertilizer, while spraying seedlings with the seedling fertilizer.
Top nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is the best. Each fertilizer can not be too much, generally 8 to 10 kg per mu. After covering the mulch with liquid fertilizer is appropriate, remember that the topdressing concentration can not be too high, to prevent burning root, generally dubbed 0.2% liquid fertilizer, and then according to each plant 0.4 ~ 0.5 liters of water can be smooth.
Outside the root dressing with phosphorus and potassium source library, sea elf bio-stimulant and other foliar spray foliar spray in the growth period of 3 to 5 days 1 time, continuous spray 3 to 5 times.
Timely pruning
With the growth of the plants, the inflorescences, lateral buds, and stems of the new leaves are successively pumped. In order to concentrate nutrients on the fruit growth and development, and prevent plant closure, the inflorescence, old leaves, diseased leaves, and excess lateral buds of the harvested fruit should be often removed. Sorghum stems; flowering should be sparse senior secondary flowers, in order to reduce the deformed fruit rate, improve the uniformity of the fruit.
Disease prevention and removal
From September to October, the frequency of strawberry insect pests occurred frequently. The diseases mainly included anthrax, powdery mildew, leaf spot (snake eye disease), and verticillium wilt. Insect pests include red spiders, aphids, and ground tigers.
1. Before transplanting, use 25% pyraclostrobin (Kairun) 8ml watered 20 jin roots, soak 5 minutes after transplanting, pay attention not to have not core bud, can effectively prevent anthrax, verticillium wilt, etc. Soil-borne diseases.
2, anthrax, leaf spot disease can be used alternately available 42.4% oxazole ether fluoramide (Jinda) 8ml / barrel, or 25% pyraclostrobin (Kairun) 1-2 bags / barrel.
3, powdery mildew can be used 30% Cuise (30% Etherococcal bacteria) 1000 times solution or Kinda (42.4% oxazole ether fluoroacetamide) 2000 times in the center of the disease and the surrounding key spray; every 7 to 10 days 1 Times, continuous control 2 to 3 times.
YT-T15
YT-T15
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