Cucumber downy mildew, also known as black disease, is one of the most common and devastating diseases in the process of cucumber planting. If it occurs seriously, there may even be a risk of complete production. Therefore, farmers must not ignore the harm of downy mildew, and understand the symptoms of it can be related to prevention and treatment.
First, the main symptoms of cucumber downy mildew
Downy mildew can breed in winter, mainly harming the leaves, and also cause certain damage to the stems, tendrils and pedicels of the plants. The main symptom after the onset is that there are polygonal lesions on the leaves. On the onset of disease, the leaves of the seedlings will first produce a black gray mold layer, and then quickly turn yellow and dry. Some small infiltrating polygonal lesions will appear on the leaf veins of the adult plants, and the color will turn brown from green to yellow. The coke is strong, and as the lesion spreads, the gray-black mold layer will be produced on the back of the leaf, and the gray-white shorter fluff will gradually appear on the lesion, and the gray mold layer will form in severe cases. When the disease is late, a large brownish brown polygon will form, causing the leaves to dry prematurely, but the leaves generally do not fall off. Moreover, cucumber downy mildew can repeatedly infect plants, and it is most likely to occur in a soil environment with large temperature difference between day and night, continuous rainfall and excessive humidity.
Second, the prevention and treatment of cucumber downy mildew
For the prevention and treatment of cucumber downy mildew, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of "prevention together, prevention and control" for prevention and treatment.
1. Preferred planting varieties
Different cucumber varieties have different resistance to downy mildew, and early-maturing varieties are easy to develop, while late-maturing varieties have less incidence. In recent years, new cucumber varieties cultivated by seedling artificial inoculation technology have strong disease resistance.
2, rotation for planting
The plots of cucumbers planted in years are prone to downy mildew, and factors such as low topography, excessive planting density, poor ventilation and light transmission, insufficient fertilizer or excessive watering may also aggravate the disease. Therefore, try to choose the land with high terrain and convenient drainage, and plant the plant spacing reasonably, and remove the diseased leaves and old leaves in time to maintain good ventilation and light conditions. It is best to use a dropper or small on the water. The way water is poured.
3. Scientific nursery
For autumn sorghum cucumbers planted in seedlings, downy mildew is likely to occur in August-September, while in the middle of October, the plots of seedlings are lighter.
4, reasonable control of fertilizer and water
The high-humidity environment is the premise of the outbreak and epidemic of downy mildew. When the air humidity reaches 80%, the bacteria will rapidly multiply. Therefore, during the growth period of cucumber, on the one hand, drainage and drainage should be timely, on the other hand, attention should be paid to controlling the amount of watering and watering, especially in the high incidence of downy mildew, the watering should be strictly controlled, and phosphate fertilizer should be appropriately added. Potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, if the outdoor temperature is too high or the soil moisture is too large, the wind should be opened in time to cool down and damp. In addition, in the cucumber melon period, the appropriate amount of carbon dioxide or spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, can also be good for cucumber plants to supplement nutrition and improve disease resistance.
5. Strengthen drug prevention
In the high incidence of downy mildew, targeted drugs should be used for spraying and prevention, and it is best to use drugs to improve the control effect. Commonly used drugs are 58% mancozeb wettable powder, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 50 % metalaxyl copper wettable powder, 60% gram-free wettable powder, etc.; in addition, in the proliferative period of downy mildew, it is easy to appear condensation, you can use 1:0.5:300 times of Bordeaux mixture every other week ( Spray the back of the blade and the surface once evenly. Pay attention to the condition of the nursery nursery at the time of spring nursery. It can be sprayed with 3 kg of bactericidal powder per acre or 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil WP.
6, high temperature shack sterilization
When the cucumber in the greenhouse enters the stage of downy mildew disease, it can be treated by high temperature septic sterilization. Operation method: When selecting high temperature at noon on sunny days, the greenhouse will be heated to 45 degrees and 2 hours, but not more than 48 degrees. Repeat every 5-7 days for 2-3 times. It can kill very well. Downy mildew bacteria can basically control the development of the disease.
7, greenhouse smouldering sterilization
For melon sheds where downy mildew has occurred, you can use a gram of chlorothalonil aerosol per acre to disperse and smother the shed in the melon shed for 12 hours or overnight, and then ventilate, which can also effectively control the condition of downy mildew. For melon sheds with more serious morbidity, they can be repeated once every 3-5 days.
8, sickness treatment
For the melon land planted with flail or the melon land with heavier downy mildew, the plant and the surface of the shed can be evenly sprayed according to the amount of 5% lime water per 100 mu after harvesting and before the harrowing, or 20 kilograms of slaked lime powder per acre is applied for disinfection and sterilization.
Downy mildew and leaf bacterial leaf spot disease have slight similarities in the appearance of the disease, and should be distinguished to avoid the use of wrong drugs to prevent and control:
1. Difference in lesion size: Downy mildew lesions are relatively large, while bacterial plaque lesions are small.
2, the difference of leaf disease: downy mildew disease leaves will produce gray mold layer in the late stage, while the bacterial horn spot back lesions are not.
3, bacterial spot plaque late in the wet environment often occurs in the pus.
4. Bacterial horn spot bacteria can invade seeds and cause harm.
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