Broccoli, like lettuce, has not been popular in the dining table of the people in the early years. Nowadays, the popularity of broccoli has also made many vegetable farmers seize the business opportunity and began to grow broccoli on a large scale. Today, this broccoli planting technical article brought to you by Huinong.com can be said to be from scratch. Let the farmers who have not touched can also understand!
1. Selection before planting
Before planting, the most important thing is to decide which species to plant on which plot and how much area to grow. Factors selected:
When is it harvested?
How much area do you want to grow?
How much labor do you have?
Choose the right variety based on climate and soil characteristics?
2. Sowing and cultivating strong seedlings
(1) Sowing
Excellent soil selection:
1 Select soil with no disease, good drainage and high nutrient content as soil for nursery and cover soil;
2 After sowing, control the temperature and humidity of the soil to promote seed germination.
(2) cultivating seedlings
1 What is a strong seedling?
Strong seedlings refer to seedlings with good uniformity, no length, no pests and diseases. Do not choose old seedlings and dead seedlings.
2 cultivate strong seedlings
Develop appropriate irrigation and fertilization plans to control pests and diseases before planting.
(3) Pay attention to seedling diseases
Downy mildew
Tripping disease
3. Field preparation (cultivation, fertilization)
(1) Rational use of organic fertilizer can improve soil structure and microbial colony environment;
(2) Maintain a high pH value of the soil (optimal pH value of 6-6.5), because the low pH value is prone to clubroot disease;
(3) Improve the drainage system, deep or deep ploughing the soil, and do the drainage ditch;
(4) Determine the standard of use of fertilizers. Apply about 200 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare, and adjust the amount of fertilization according to different soil conditions. In the warm season, according to the growth of the crop, the application method of the fertilizer can be adjusted, and the fertilization can be adjusted to the side of the plant 2 by the base fertilization;
(5) In the cool season, more base fertilizer can be applied;
(6) During the rainy season, we need more side fertilizers to prevent the loss of fertilizer due to excessive rain.
4. Colonization and methods
(1) The number of broccoli planting must be determined according to the variety or planting plan;
(2) using high ridge cultivation in rainy seasons or places with poor drainage;
(3) When using early maturing varieties, choose small seedlings for planting, and not for old seedlings;
(4) Watering should be done in time after planting to ensure uniformity of growth.
5. General management methods after planting
(1) After slow seedling, it is best to carry out intermediate tillage to improve soil conditions and control weeds;
(2) side-by-side top dressing according to crop growth conditions;
(3) Use pesticides to control pests.
6, harvesting and transportation
(1) Harvesting time depends on the variety and cultivation style;
(2) should be harvested under low temperature conditions to maintain the weight of the flower ball;
(3) After harvesting, keep it fresh under low temperature conditions as soon as possible.
7. Physiological diseases and disseminated diseases
(1) bolting
When the plant does not grow to a sufficient size, the early bolting occurs. The form of expression is that the small flower ball is accompanied by coarse flower granules. The main reason is that the seedlings are exposed to low temperature damage. If accompanied by weak roots, lack of fertilizer and other stress factors, It is more prone to bolting.
Solution:
Choose the appropriate sowing time;
Selecting seedlings with good roots;
Cover the mulch to maintain soil temperature;
Do a good job in water and fertilizer management.
(2) High temperature effects
After the ball is started, the temperature is too high or the change is severe. Some abnormal flower balls will appear. These flower balls will show different characteristics according to different growth stages and temperature conditions. During the balling period, too many fertilizers or excessive humidity can have these symptoms.
1 yellow flower ball:
Strong high temperature damage, looks like broccoli, small flower granules do not grow and develop.
2 leaflets:
The leaflet grows in the middle of the flower ball
(3) Cat's eye
The size of the flower ball is not uniform, and it is easy to occur when the temperature changes rapidly around day and night.
Solution:
Each variety should choose the appropriate sowing date;
After the bud, until the flower ball is inflated, avoid applying too much fertilizer;
It is necessary to maintain good soil moisture conditions throughout the growing season, and it is prone to flower ball damage under conditions of severe drought and severe water changes.
(4) Flower purple
The flower bulbs are purple, mainly in low temperature environments, others such as lack of fertilizer, drought and too humid may also occur.
Solution:
Avoid planting in late summer;
Apply appropriate amount of fertilizer in the late growth stage, not excessive;
Keep your roots healthy.
(5) brownish yellow flower
The plants do not have enough energy to keep all the granules green, causing the granules at the top of the buds to die and turn yellow. High temperatures, root damage and lack of fat can cause the flowers to turn brown.
Solution:
Avoid high temperatures;
Keep the roots healthy;
Maintain a proper supply of fertilizer;
Harvested under cool conditions.
(6) Impact of waterlogging
Solution:
Crush the hard blocks in the soil to make the soil more loose;
Applying organic fertilizers to improve soil conditions;
Drain the drainage ditch for good drainage;
High ridge cultivation.
(7) Boron deficiency
Symptoms are: flower stems are damaged, forming sores.
Reasons for formation and solutions:
Boron deficiency in soil: application of boron fertilizer in soil;
Nitrogen excess: improve fertilizer application and proportion;
Root damage due to drought, too much water, and low temperatures: keep roots healthy.
(8) Hollow
Boron deficiency causes the pores on the stem to grow rapidly and eventually turn brown.
Reason for formation:
Low density planting;
High temperature and high soil moisture;
Applying excess nitrogen fertilizer;
Boron deficiency.
(9) Magnesium deficiency
Reason for formation:
Insufficient magnesium;
The pH of the soil is too high;
Too much phosphoric acid or accumulation of manganese, copper, and salt;
drought.
(10) white flower stems
Since this is caused by whitefly, there will be many occurrences under warm conditions.
(11) clubroot disease
Soil-borne diseases that infect the root hairs of cruciferous plants, high temperatures, high soil moisture and acidic soils contribute to the occurrence and increase of this disease.
Solution:
Isolate the plot where the clubroot disease occurs;
Using a bactericide;
Crop rotation or use of resistant varieties;
Adjust the pH value;
Improved drainage;
Increase beneficial microbes.
(12) Flower ball is bad
Symptoms: ring spots occur in the leaves, and black spots on the surface of the flower ball
So far, there are no more effective fungicides, which can be solved by the following methods:
Good drainage and good ventilation to control the disease;
Avoid applying too much nitrogen fertilizer to Supplement trace elements.
(13) The top of the flower ball rots
Symptoms: After the head turns yellow, it rots
So far, there is no more effective fungicide, and the same solution can be used, just like the rotten ball.
(14) Black rot
Symptoms: "V" type lesions occur at the edge of the leaves and become yellow or black around the lesion.
(15) Black heart disease
Symptoms: The stems turn black, and when people eat these parts, they have a bitter taste. This disease is often seen during harvest in winter, and it prefers a humid and cool environment.
Solution:
Spray the fungicide at a suitable time;
Improve air circulation and drainage;
Reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the use of trace elements.
The above is the introduction of the high-yield high-yield cultivation techniques of broccoli brought to you by Huinong.com, and the needy farmers can learn and learn according to their own situation!
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