Recently, at the 2017 Silicon Fertilizer Research and Development and Crop Application New Products and New Process Exchange Seminar held in Changsha City, Hunan Province, experts at the meeting said that there is a certain area of ​​silicon-deficient soil in China, and it is necessary to apply silicon fertilizer to supplement the corresponding elements. . The growth of most crops requires the addition of large amounts of silicon, for example, to produce 1,000 kilograms of rice, which absorbs up to 150 kilograms of silica during the whole growth period.
Although silicon is the most abundant mineral element in the soil, most of the crops are ineffective silicon and cannot be absorbed and utilized. However, the silicon nutrients that are truly effective for crops are often in a state of poverty.
So, what effect does silicon have on crop growth?
A group of researchers in the Henan Province Silicon Fertilizer Engineering Technology Research Center, Cai Delong, published a set of wheat and silicon fertilizer test data in Fugou County, Henan Province. The results showed that the application of silicon fertilizer group yielded 1030 kg per mu, and wheat ears had 48 granules per plant. It was 54.5 g; the control group produced 900 kg per mu, and the wheat ears had 38 to 43 grains per plant, and the wheat had a grain weight of 51 g.
The function of silicon fertilizer is not only reflected in the promotion of crop growth, but also in the improvement of soil.
“In soils with a pH of 5-8, the effective silica content is positively correlated with the soil pH, so the application of silicon fertilizer can improve the acid soil.â€
Zhao Fenglan said, "The silicate fertilizer can also react with the sodium ions that cause salinity in the soil, reduce its activity, and play a role in improving the saline-alkali soil."
Why does silicon fertilizer have the function of preventing heavy metal pollution in soil?
Cai Delong explained that on the one hand, silicon fertilizer can reduce the activity of heavy metals by increasing the pH value of the soil, and on the other hand, it can reduce the heavy metal pollution by passivating the activity of heavy metals.
Silicon fertilizer has the following 10 major effects
1, silicon is a health-care nutrient element fertilizer
Applying silicon fertilizer can improve soil acidity, improve soil salt base, promote decomposition of organic fertilizer, and inhibit soil bacteria. For example, the red soil dryland is acid pH value of 4.5 ~ 5.2, lack of organic matter and calcium, easy to knot. Applying silicon fertilizer can improve soil properties and accelerate ripening, which is conducive to crop yield increase.
Vegetable greenhouses have been planted for more than two years, and the accumulation of mold and pathogens will affect crop yield and quality. The application of silicon fertilizer can effectively prevent the survival and reproduction of molds and crops such as roots and mildew.
2. Silicon is an essential nutrient for planting plants.
Most plants contain silicon.
Especially in rice, its nutritional role in recent years is considered to be the fourth only after N, P, and K. Tests have shown that the production of 1000 kg of rice, the absorption of silicon dioxide is as high as 150 kg, exceeding the sum of the absorption of hydrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice. Among the six crop ash of rice, wheat, barley, soybean, lentils and fennel, the oxides of seven nutrients such as silicon, phosphorus, potassium and calcium account for more than 80% of ash, of which silicon oxide accounts for 16-61.4%.
3, silicon is a nutrient element fertilizer to improve quality
Applying silicon fertilizer to fruit trees can significantly improve fruit quality and increase in volume.
The sugar content is increased. Sweet and fragrant, and good for human health.
Also resistant to storage and transportation.
Sugar cane can increase silicon production, and can promote stem sugar accumulation and increase sugar yield.
4. Silicon is a compound fertilizer with multiple calcium and magnesium elements.
Silicon fertilizer also contains a certain amount of trace elements such as phosphorus, zinc, boron, iron and manganese, which have a compound nutrition effect on crops. Suitable for a variety of crop applications.
5, silicon can help crops improve photosynthesis
Silicon fertilizer can make the epidermal cells of the crop silicified, make the stems and leaves of the crop straight, reduce shading, and enhance the photosynthesis of the leaves.
For example, after applying silicon to rice, the leaf angle is reduced, and the photosynthesis of canopy is increased by more than 10%.
6, silicon can enhance the ability of crops to resist pests and diseases
After the silicon is absorbed by the crop, silicified cells are formed in the body, the cell wall of the stem and leaf surface is thickened, and the stratum corneum is increased, thereby improving the ability of preventing insects and diseases, especially against rice blast, leaf spot, stem rot, bacterial blight, and bacterial blight. And cotton bollworm, rust, etc.
7, silicon can improve crop resistance to lodging
Because the stem of the crop is straight, the lodging resistance is increased by about 80%.
The lodging rate and breaking rate are reduced by 40-70%, which makes the crop stalk straight and is conducive to close planting.
8, silicon can enhance the permeability of crops
The increase in the amount of silicon in the crop enhances the rigidity of the crop conduit, promotes the aeration, and is important for aquatic and warm crops such as rice and reed. It can also promote root growth and prevent root rot and premature aging. It is especially important for controlling the rotten roots of rice.
9, silicon can improve the resistance of crops
The crop absorbs silicon fertilizer to produce silicified cells, effectively regulates the opening and closing of leaf stomata, and controls water transpiration. Improve the drought resistance, dry heat resistance and low temperature resistance. Silicon fertilizer is suitable for early spring crops. Such as early rice, early peanuts and winter and spring vegetable production.
10, silicon can reduce the fixation of phosphorus in the soil
After applying silicon in the tillage soil, it can activate phosphorus in the soil and insoluble phosphorus, and promote the operation in the crop body, thereby increasing the seed setting rate.
Application effect of silicon fertilizer on various crops
1. Rice
The effect of increasing production is obvious
The effect of applying silicon fertilizer on rice yield is particularly obvious. Rice is a silicon crop. The application of silicon fertilizer can thicken the epidermal cells of rice, the stems and leaves of the crops are thick and straight, the roots are developed, the leaves are rushed, the photosynthesis is enhanced, the effective tillering, high seed setting rate, large spikes, drought resistance and resistance are promoted. The lodging capacity is increased by more than 85%, the early maturity is promoted, the rice quality is improved, and the disease and insect pests are reduced, which can reduce the incidence rate by 75%.
The rice disease resistance was significantly enhanced after application of silicon fertilizer, especially rice blast, rice smut, sheath blight, leaf spot, stem rot, bacterial blight and rotten root disease, rice planthopper, rice stem borer, and heart The incidence of pests and mites and other pests and diseases has been significantly reduced.
2, corn
Stout stalk
After application of silicon fertilizer, the stems are thick, the plant height is reduced, the lodging resistance is increased by more than 80%, the leaf area is increased, the resistance to stress is enhanced, the ear of corn is large, the grain is full, the baldness is reduced, the seed setting rate is increased, and the yield is increased by 10%-23%. Above, the incidence of diseases such as corn rough disease, stem-based rot, bacterial wilt, and aphids and corn borer (bottom worm) has been greatly reduced and reduced.
3, peanuts
Plant robust
After application of silicon fertilizer, the plant grows robustly, the leaves are dark green, the roots are developed, the branches are many, the nuts are full and full, the shells are small, the rate of adult kernels is high, the commodity is good, the yield increase effect is generally 15%-50%, and the peanuts are Leaf spot, blight, stem rot, root rot, chalk, aphids, cotton bollworm, red spider, etc. are significantly reduced.
4, soybean
After applying silicon fertilizer, the growth is good, the leaves are large, the fruit is strong, the lodging resistance is early, the maturity is early, and the pests and diseases are few, which can significantly reduce the harm of the bean pod. Generally, the yield can be increased by about 15%.
5, sesame
After applying silicon fertilizer, the plant is firm, the leaves are rising, the growth is strong, the 1000-grain weight is increased, the lodging resistance and premature aging are reduced, the pests and diseases are less, and the quality is improved.
6, apple, pear, peach and other fruit trees
The use of silicon fertilizer has thick branches, thick and thick, straight, flat, enhanced photosynthesis, prolonged green leaf period, reduced fruit drop, fruit shrinkage, deformed fruit, cracked fruit, preventing leaf rolling, mosaic, yellow leaves, spots, Falling flowers, fallen leaves and other physiological diseases, coloring 3-5 days in advance, early maturity, large fruit, good color, sweet taste, high hardness, storage and transportation, and greatly improved quality.
When the fruit tree absorbs silicon, it can form more silicified cells and hard epidermis on the surface of leaves and fruits, and is resistant to pests such as pear hibiscus, peach worm, red-white spider, Kang's whitefly, aphid, etc. Silicic acid against scab, black spot, powdery mildew, rust, ring rot, anthracnose, gum disease, blue mold, mildew, brown rot, black rot, gray mold, early leaf disease The germination and mycelial growth of various fungal spores such as rot disease and root rot have a strong inhibitory effect, which can significantly reduce the incidence of various fruit tree diseases and insect pests.
7, grapes
After using silicon fertilizer, the tree grows robustly, the leaves increase, the number of ears increases, the ratio of dry to fresh weight increases, the coloration is good, the early maturity, downy mildew, powdery mildew, brown spot, gray mold, black pox, white rot Diseases, mites, red spiders and other pests and diseases are reduced, and quality and yield are significantly improved.
8, citrus
After using silicon fertilizer, the number of flowering and fruit set rate can be increased, the green leaf period is prolonged, the pests and diseases are less, the fruit is positive, the color is good, and the quality is high.
9, strawberries
After using silicon fertilizer, the strawberry fruit can be enlarged, the appearance is bright and round, shiny, the strawberry fruit rate is increased, the quality is good, the harvesting period is 7 days earlier, the economic value is increased, the average yield is increased by 50-57%, and the strawberry can be greatly improved. Resistance to various pests and diseases, (According to experiments, the use of silicon fertilizer in strawberries, the incidence of aphids decreased by 75%, the rate of resistance to gray mold reached 40% -53%, also for other diseases such as powdery mildew, viral diseases, etc. Certain resistance).
Silicon fertilizer has a great effect on the growth, quality and yield of strawberry.
10, Chinese cabbage
After using silicon fertilizer, the plant growth is robust, the incidence of dry heartburn and soft rot is reduced, and the mites are also greatly reduced.
11, winter melon, loofah
After using silicon fertilizer, it grows robustly, has a high fruit setting rate, has many melons, has fewer pests and diseases, and has improved quality and yield.
12, pepper, eggplant, tomatoes
After using silicon fertilizer, the plants are robust, the leaves are dark green, the fruit setting rate is high, the fruit shape is correct, the yield is high, and the pests and diseases are few.
13, cucumber
After using silicon fertilizer, the stems and leaves are straight, the photosynthesis is enhanced, the growth is good, the melon is thick and straight, the market is early, the color is good, the taste is good, the pests and diseases are few, powdery mildew, blight, leaf spot disease is basically no, the quality and yield are obviously improved. .
14, watermelon
After using silicon fertilizer, it grows strong, thin skin, crisp and sweet meat, high sugar content, less pests and diseases, high yield and good quality.
15, potato
After using silicon fertilizer, the growth rate is strong, the incidence of powdery mildew is low, the size is large, the appearance is smooth and there is no dark spot, the yield is increased by 30%, and the quality is improved.
16, tobacco
After using silicon fertilizer, the growth is good, the leaf area is increased, the yield and quality are improved, and the occurrence of anthracnose and spot disease can be significantly inhibited.
17, tea tree
(tea tree under Mount Fuji)
After application of silicon fertilizer, it can promote early bud production, cold resistance, drought resistance, tea picking 8-15 days in advance, can increase the content of amino acids in tea, thicken the leaves, less pests and diseases, increase yield, and good quality.
18, sugar cane
After using silicon fertilizer, sugarcane plants grow tall and straight, the leaves are erect, anti-drought, lodging resistance, strong disease resistance, less pests and diseases, early maturity, good quality, and the sugarcane yield and sugar content are obviously improved.
19. Lawn
The use of silicon fertilizer can significantly improve the mechanical strength of grass stems, and has a resistance to diseases caused by various fungi such as leaf spot, brown spot and blight of lawn.
20, Chinese herbal medicine
(Chinese herbal medicine planting base)
After using silicon fertilizer, the plants grow robustly, with less insects, less disease and good quality.
21, cotton
(Egyptian long-staple cotton)
After application of silicon fertilizer, cotton can enhance the resistance of cotton, enhance the resistance of cotton cells, reduce the transpiration of leaves, coordinate the water physiology of cotton, and meet the water demand of cotton into the bell in high temperature season.
Cotton after using silicon fertilizer
1. It can still grow normally during drought, increase the fruit section, increase the bell strength and the bell formation rate, increase the boll weight, and thus increase the cotton yield;
2, the average lint yield increased by 17.13%, increased single fruit section, improve the rate of individual planting bell and bell. The average number of fruit segments per plant increased by 9.7%, by 2.1% to 12.29%. 1%。 The average growth rate of a single plant is 0. 8 ~ 4. 1%. The average bell-forming rate was 0.52 percentage points higher than the control;
3, short internodes, leaf sheath erect, anti-lost, leaf hypertrophy, light and action rate increased by 40%;
4, anti-heavy barrier, anti-cotton verticillium wilt, avoid cotton aphids, cotton bollworm, reduce the insect population rate of 36.8%;
5. The cotton root system is developed, the fertilizer absorption and utilization rate is high, and the input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is reduced by 30-40%.
Proof of practice
After application of silicon fertilizer, rice, wheat, corn, sugar cane and cotton reduce 40-60% of pests and diseases, and increase yield by 8-28%; cabbage, eggplant, cowpea, soybean, cucumber, tomato and other vegetables, the incidence rate drops 45-95%, leaves The relative immune effect of using silicon fertilizer was 89.77%.
Increasing yield by more than 20%, the shelf life is extended by 50-120%; apple, pear, peach, fig, apricot, jujube, grape, strawberry, etc., the application rate is reduced by about 80%, the yield is increased by 15-38%, and the shelf life is extended by 90-210. %).
[Scope of application]
Rice, wheat, corn, canola, cotton, peanuts, soybeans, apples, pears, peaches, dates, grapes, bananas, citrus, sugar cane, strawberries, melons, vegetables, sesame, potatoes, beets, kale, tobacco, tea, sorghum Chinese herbal medicines, reeds, hemp, bamboo, lawn and other crops. (Miao period or early use is better)
Principles of use of silicon fertilizer
1, the scope of application
Soil silicon supply capacity is an important basis for determining whether or not to apply silicon fertilizer.
The greater the degree of silicon deficiency in the soil, the better the effect of fertilization and yield increase.
Therefore, silicon fertilizer should be preferentially distributed to silicon-deficient areas and silicon-deficient soils.
The demand for silicon varies from crop to crop, and the effect of applying silicon fertilizer on silicon crops is obvious. In the experiment, the crops with significant silicon application are mainly grass, wheat, corn and other grass crops, among which rice is a typical silicon crop; soybean, peanut and other silicon-calcium crops; cucumber, melon, watermelon, melon and other cucurbitaceae Tomatoes, strawberries, cotton and other crops.
Since silicon fertilizer has the effect of improving soil, silicon fertilizer should be applied to contaminated farmland and protected land planted for many years.
2. Application method
Silicon fertilizer is not easy to agglomerate, is not easy to deteriorate, has good stability, and does not have infiltration, volatilization and other losses, and has the characteristics of long fertilizer effect. Therefore, silicon fertilizer does not have to be applied annually, and can be applied every other year.
The application method can be applied together with organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer; the water-soluble silicon fertilizer with high nutrient content can be used as base fertilizer or top dressing, but the topdressing period should be as early as possible.
For example, it should be applied before rice booting in rice production.
3, the amount
The application amount of silicon fertilizer should be determined according to the content of available silicon in different plots of soil and the content of soluble silicon in silicon fertilizer. Soils that are severely deficient in silicon can be applied in moderation, while soils that are mildly deficient in silicon should be applied less.
(The picture is [return] use method)
Water-soluble silicon fertilizer with effective silicon content of 50~60%, 6~10 kg per mu (667 square meters); steel slag silicon fertilizer with effective silicon content of 30~40%, applicable per acre (667 square meters) 30~50 kg; if the effective silicon content is less than 30%, 50~100 kg can be applied per mu (667 square meters).
4. Precautions for the application of silicon fertilizer
(1) Must be combined with other fertilizers. Silicon fertilizer can not replace nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon fertilizer scientifically combined application, in order to obtain good results.
(2) Silicon fertilizer cannot be mixed or simultaneously applied with ammonium hydrogencarbonate. Silicon fertilizer will volatilize ammonia in ammonium bicarbonate, reduce the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, and cause unnecessary waste.
(3) Silicon fertilizer can improve the soil, and the price is cheap, and it is best to apply it continuously every season.
Silicon fertilizer use and dosage
1, base fertilizer
Calcium metasilicate 20 or 50 kg / mu, calcium metasilicate can be used as a base fertilizer together with NPK before the last water preparation or 70-80% base fertilizer application.
2, panicle fertilizer
In the case of 70-80% of the total amount of calcium metasilicate applied to the base fertilizer, it is applied together with nitrogen and potassium fertilizer when the rice tip 2 leaves are half-long, and the amount of silicon fertilizer is 20-30%, and the remaining 80- 70% is used as a base fertilizer.
3. Silicon fertilizer is used together with other fertilizers
Silicon fertilizer must be used in combination with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and cannot be replaced. Silicon fertilizer is good for early application and deep application, with a depth of 8-12 cm. For application, the amount is 20-30% of the total amount of calcium silicate, and the remaining 80-70% is used as the base fertilizer.
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