In autumn, the weather is cool, the pasture is abundant, and the feed is adequate. In addition, the cattle are in the retiring stage. The body of the cattle is improved, the bull is energetic, and the cow has a short estrus cycle and a long duration. This is the golden season for cattle breeding. Therefore, farmers who raise cows should strengthen management and provide timely mating for the cows. Grasping the Cow Fertility The lunar calendar August-October is the peak season for the cow's autumn estrus. Cows should be "committed to breeding." Prior to the mating period, suitable age cows should have a moderate body condition. Being overweight or thin is not conducive to breeding. For lean cows, use corn 40%, barley 30%, wheat 20%, soybean 10%, mix and soak for 4 hours to 6 hours with fresh water, beaten, add 8% -10% of the above total amount of bean cake, 5 %ç³ ç³ å¤«, 1% salt, 3%-5% bone meal, supplemented twice a day in the morning and evening, supplemented with 7.5 kg-10 kg of water each time. Prolong the grazing time, mow the grass and feed the cows, so that the cows will be estrus in the short term. Only the cows have a good sensation, the estrus is normal, and fertilization and pregnancy are guaranteed. To select a good bull for the quality of bulls, a great influence on the quality of cattle, we must choose a good bull. If it is a cross (natural mating), every 20-30 heads of adult cows should be selected to keep an excellent bull aged from 3 years old and under 8 years old. Bulls should be fed with green feeds and concentrates, and animal feeds, such as eggs, fish meal, etc., should also be fed when the species is busy. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent indiscriminate use of inferior and inferior species. The timing of the estrus cycle for the mating female buffalo is 18 days to 25 days, lasting 2 days to 4 days. The estrus cycle of the cattle is 18 days to 21 days, lasting 1 day to 2 days. After the estrus of the cows, the appetite decreased, they were uneasy, they liked to approach the bulls, they climbed over each other, and often urinated, but their urine volume was low. The pus was flushed, congested and swollen, slightly open, often accompanied by white translucent mucus outflow. Cows also have a small amount of blood flowing from the vagina. At this point touch the cow's buttocks, oxtail Gao Qiao, quiet motion, the two hind legs open for mating action; after the appetite gradually recovers, loss of libido, genital swelling gradually subside, less mucus and thick (for rectal examination, estrus is in the follicle maturation Period or ovulation period, at which time the cow is best suited to breed or inseminate. The optimum time for breeding maternal broodstock eggs from the end of estrus to the end of estrus is between 8 hours and 12 hours after the start of estrus. Buffaloes are more suitable for breeding at about 20 hours after estrus. About 70% of the mother cattle were ovulated at night for repeated breeding. According to this “special ruleâ€, cows are best in inseminated breeding at 7 o’clock in the evening on the day when the estrus feature begins to appear. In order to increase the conception rate, a method of repeated breeding may also be adopted, that is, the breeding is repeated 8 hours to 12 hours after the first breeding. If the cow is bred at 7pm, it can be repeated at 5am-8am the next morning. The use of artificial insemination by artificial insemination is an important part of improving the conception rate of cows, especially the rectal grasp method is more effective. During operation, insert the vas deferens flatly into the cervix 5 cm to 7 cm, then slowly inject the semen. After the insemination, the vas deferens should be pulled out slowly to prevent damage to cow vagina or semen. One of the aphrodisiac breeding is the opposite sex-induced aphrodisiac: the estrus bull is chasing non-estrus cows to make cows estrus; the second is hormone drug aphrodisiac: estrus-producing cows can choose one of the following female hormone injections, the dosage of which is: Ethylene female powder 25 mg-35 mg, diphenol ethane 40 mg-60 mg, triads 3 g-5 g. The cow can be estrus after the injection. The third is Chinese medicine aphrodisiac: motherwort 30 grams, 24 grams of pumpkin leaves, 15 grams of safflower, Jianshui to cattle gavage; old jujube tree split skin 0.5 kg, 1 kg of brown sugar, add water, 3 kg, fried water for cattle sooner or later 2 Secondary gavage, even for 2 days to 3 days, the cow can be estrus and maternal pregnancy. Strengthen post-harvest management. Do not allow cows to exercise vigorously within 1 hour to 2 hours after mating. Try to avoid cows drinking or eating too much. After 15 days of breeding, feed should be added at night, and 1 kg to 1.5 kg of Mcphet or distiller's grains should be fed, and clean drinking water with a small amount of salt should be given to facilitate implantation of fertilized eggs. The daily salt amount is 25g-28g. During pregnancy, the growth of the cow and the growth of the fetus, placenta, and uterus will require a large amount of nutrients, so pregnant cows should be supplied with protein, vitamins, and mineral-rich feed. If feed alone or feed supply is insufficient, cows and fetuses will suffer malnutrition, affect the normal growth and development of the mother and child, and even cause fetal death in severe cases. Special care must be taken to prevent miscarriage and not to feed molds, spoilage, poisonous, and excessively acidic feeds. Do not feed frozen, intensely irritating feed to prevent enteritis, miscarriage, or production of weak, stillbirths. Do not let the pregnant cow be frightened, avoid causing nerve tension caused by uterine contraction abortion. The frightened cows also exhibit increased adrenaline secretion. The vasoconstriction results in decreased blood flow to the placenta, which can cause miscarriage. It is also necessary to prevent mechanical abortions of cows from colliding, slipping, whipping or overhead frames. Drug Sterilization Treatment In the immunization of lyophilized Brucella genus No. 5 attenuated bacterin, progesterone 0.5 g-1 g can be given intramuscularly to pregnant cows once a day for one week. Remember to use dexamethasone with caution.
Medicine Peptides
Medicine Peptides and protein drugs are emerging. There are now 35 important therapeutics on the market, and the development of biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies is becoming increasingly global. Biotechnology drug research focuses on the application of DNA recombinant technology to develop peptides, proteins, enzymes, hormones, vaccines, cell growth factors and monoclonal antibodies that can be used in clinical applications. According to Parexl's Pharmaceutical R&D Statistical Source Book, there are currently 723 biotech drugs under FDA review (including phase â…° to iii clinical and FDA evaluation), 700 drugs are in early stage (research and preclinical). More than 200 additional drugs are in the final stage of approval (Phase iii clinical and FDA evaluation). The basic dosage form of biotech drugs is lyophilized. Although the efficacy of conventional preparations has long been clinically proven, they need to be injected frequently for a long time due to their short half-life, which is difficult to accept from the perspective of psychological and economic burden on patients. To this end, scholars around the world mainly from two aspects to study and develop convenient and reasonable drug delivery approaches and new preparations: (1) embedment agent and sustained-release injection. â‘¡ Non-injectable dosage forms, such as respiratory inhalation, rectal administration, nasal administration, oral administration and transdermal administration, etc. Injectable preparations of sustained-release biotechnological drugs are new dosage forms with promising applications. Some of them, such as microsphere injections of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues which can be sustained-release for 1 to 3 months, have been on the market. This paper focuses on this kind of preparations.Main types of peptides and protein drug sustained-release preparations The research and development of peptides and protein drug sustained-release preparations can be divided into two types, namely, embedment agent and microsphere injection, from the perspective of development process and dosage form. The shape of the implant is a hollow micro-fine rod, one end is closed, the other end is open, and the rod material is non-biodegradable polymer such as ptfe. The lumen was filled with a mixture of drugs and silica gel (silastic, polydimethylsiloxane). The implant is embedded under the skin, and the drug is released slowly through the opening of silica gel matrix. The American Physicians' Handbook (PDR) contains a product called Norplant? Levo-18 ethyl norethinnes, used in family planning. The preparation, each with a diameter of 2.4 mm and a length of 34 mm, is surgically implanted in the inner side of the patient's upper arm with 6 thin rods. The drug can be released in the body in zero-grade mode for up to 5 years, and then removed by surgery after release,1.1.2 Micro-osmotic pump embedding agent The United States Alza company in the 1970s developed an embedding agent shaped like a capsule, which is embedded in the skin or other parts. The body fluid can penetrate through the shell, dissolve the interlayer electrolytic layer, make the volume expansion of the interlayer pressure to the plastic inner cavity, and promote the drug solution from the opening of the fixed speed release. Many biomolecular drugs, such as insulin, heparin and nerve growth factor, have been reported as model drugs in vivo and in vitro. Implants have positive significance for the treatment of chronic patients who need long-term medication, but it has the following defects: â‘ must be surgically implanted. â‘¡ The skeleton material of the preparation is non-biodegradable polymer, which needs to be removed by surgery after release. â‘¢ The preparation has irritation and discomfort in local tissues. Evaluation methods for polypeptide protein drugs: 1. Liquid chromatography 2. Spectroscopic 3. Solvent-based versions are easy to use, but need to be kept at low temperatures (2-8 degrees Celsius).
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