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Non-heading Chinese cabbage is commonly known as “small cabbage†and “green cabbageâ€. It is native to China and has a wide variety of varieties and varieties. It uses green leaves for fresh food or processing and pickling. With short growth cycle, wide adaptability and high yield, it can be planted at any time and harvested one after another. It is essential to overcome the spring and autumn, ensure the balanced supply of vegetables for an annual anniversary, and post-disaster seeding, and regulate market supply. I. Biological characteristics 1. Morphological characteristics Cabbage plants are small and leaves are developed. They are born on short-stemmed stalks. The leaf color is light green to dark green, and the leaves are obovate or elliptic. The whole area has obvious blunt teeth. Petiole hypertrophy, white or green, long and thin and thick amplexicaul or spoon-shaped, non-capping. Racemes, yellow flowers, seeds nearly round, reddish brown or brown, 1000-grain weight 1.5-2.2 grams. 2, growth habits like cool, adaptable, cold and heat-resistant than Chinese cabbage, the optimum temperature for growth is 18-20 °C, in the 2-3 °C below zero can safely winter. Wucai can withstand the low temperature of 8-10°C. After frost and snow, its taste is more sweet. At temperatures above 25°C and in dry climates, the growth is weak and the quality is poor. There are a few heat-resistant varieties in the southern provinces and can be used for summer cabbage cultivation. The germinating seeds or chloroplasts pass the vernalization stage at low temperature (0-5°C or 10°C) for 30-40 days, and they twitch and flower under long-day and higher temperature conditions. The roots are well-developed, shallowly distributed, and highly adaptable to soil, but they are good for clays or alluvial soils that are rich in organic matter, and have strong water retention and fertility. Because they use the leaves as a product, and their growth period is short and rapid, nitrogen fertilizers are required. 2. Types and Varieties Non-heading Chinese cabbage is a variant of Chinese cabbage subspecies. It has a wide range of varieties and is classified according to its morphology, biological characteristics and cultivation characteristics as follows: Non-heading cabbage varieties vary according to maturity, convulsions, and suitable cultivation season. Divided into autumn and winter cabbage, spring cabbage and summer cabbage three categories: 1, autumn and winter white cuisine cultivated the most in the southern region, early maturing species in February convulsions, weak cold resistance. It is mainly cultivated in autumn and winter, with high yield and good quality. According to food, it can be divided into fresh and pickled, divided into white stem and green stem by petiole color. (l) White stem varieties in fresh edible species include Jiangsu Nanjing Gaozhu, Yangzhou Cauliflower, Changzhou Changbai Terrier, Wuxi Changbai White Terrier, Hubei Wrinkled Leaf Black and White Food, Guangzhou Zhongzuoye, and Higuge Horse Ear , Jiangmen cabbage, Yunnan garlic white, Fujian Wuqing white stem vase dishes; green stem varieties are early oil winter Hangzhou, semi-premature children, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Xinghua cuisine, Wuxi small round dishes, Shanghai dwarf, Guizhou scoop white, Xiamen lotus oil cabbage, Guangzhou mountain cabbage, gray cabbage and so on. (2) Pickled varieties include Nanjing Gaobiaobai, Erbai, Hangzhou scoop and Chinese cabbage, Zhenjiang cabbage, Guangzhou tall black leaf, white root cabbage, Kuibai cabbage, Fujian Changting cabbage, and Hubei half cabbage. 2. Spring cabbage is strong in winter and late in bolting, and it is wintering outside the Yangtze River. Listing in April-May can solve the spring. Among them, the early spring dishes were convulsed with white stems such as Nanjing Liangcai, Wuxi Baiyue, Yangzhou Lihuabai, and Guangzhou Shuicai in March, and Qingyan had late oil winter in Hangzhou and Shanghai in March. The late spring dishes were convulsed in April with white stems such as Nanjing April White and Hangzhou Silkworm White, Changsha Late Cabbage, Guangzhou Spring Chinese Cabbage, and Chiklow Chinese Cabbage. The green stems are slow in April in Shanghai, slow in May, purple in Hefei, and long shoots in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. 3, summer cabbage cultivation in May-September high temperature season, also known as "fire cabbage", "vegetable cabbage", rapid growth, high temperature thunderstorms and pests and diseases, there are Shanghai, Hangzhou fire cabbage, Shaoxing dwarf yellow head, Guangzhou horse cabbage Yellow leaf cabbage, Nanjing dwarf hybrid 1, Fujian Xiamen black leaf cabbage, Changdong Huangya white, Quanzhou black Ye Rijia, Fuan cabbage, Chongqing water cabbage. Third, non-heading Chinese cabbage in the cultivation season The cold and heat-tolerant Chinese cabbages have a short growth period. Many good varieties suitable for different seasons can be sowed in batches and harvested in stages. Because it does not contain the ball, it can be eaten regardless of the size of the plant. Therefore, the four seasons south of the Yangtze River can be cultivated and supplied for an anniversary. However, it is generally cultivated in three quarters. 1. At this time, the optimum temperature for cabbage in autumn and winter is the growth of cabbage, which is the main cultivation season. The yield is high and the quality is good. The plants are harvested for growth and generally transplanted first. Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces sowed in mid-late July to October, early broadcasters can harvest 30 days after planting, with Hangzhou oil winter children, Nanjing dwarf yellow; late broadcast 50-60 days harvest, with strong cold resistance, convulsions Late Yangzhou Qing, Shanghai Dwarf, or Colombo, etc., were harvested from November to April of the following year. Preserved varieties are sown from late August to early September. For example, white scouring paddles in Hangzhou, pickling in the middle and late November (before and after sleet), strict sowing time, too early and too late affect the yield and quality. The number of small snow pickled, the winter solstice open cylinder eaten." Fresh eaters in Fujian and southern China are harvested in autumn from September to October and harvested in November-December. There are black chestnuts, Jiangmen cabbage and milk white in winter, and November-December in harvesting in winter. Harvest period 1- In February, cold-resistant, late-stemmed varieties were used, such as white root horse ear. Processing of dried vegetables from September to December sowing, harvested in January-February, the variety has white root cabbage, Kui Peng cabbage. 2, spring cabbage early spring and late spring off season listing. Generally divided into "large dishes" and "vegetable dishes" two kinds. In the Yangtze River basin, vegetables are sown in the late autumn (October to mid-November) in the first year of the year, and the growing plants are harvested in the spring of the next year. The vegetable pods are sown in late January to late April (early spring to early morning rain), after 30-50. The young strains were harvested for feeding. Fujian and South China were sown from late December to the following March and harvested from March to May. Since Chinese cabbage can pass the vernalization stage during seed germination and seedling stage, and sow in late autumn or early spring. After seedlings pass the vernalization stage after low temperature, they can easily twitch and blossom under the long sunshine conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to select varieties with strong winter and late bolting. . 3, summer cabbage cultivation in high temperature season, generally from late May to early August sowing in batches, short growing period, 20-30 days after sowing young plants harvested for feeding. Should use heat-resistant, disease-resistant varieties. Fourth, sowing nursery cabbage in addition to cabbage can be transplanted outside the nursery. Sowing soil should be selected fertile loose loose fertility of the loam, plough per acre manure 1000-1500 kg when plowing, exposure to 1-2 days, made of a wide width of 1.4-1.5 meters wide trench. Early autumn sow 1.5-2 kilograms per acre sowing seeds can be planted 5-6 acres; 1-1.5 kilograms sowing in late autumn, can be transplanted 8-10 acres. After sowing, the pods are flattened so that the seeds are closely packed with the soil, and 20-30% of the manure water is poured once. In the early autumn, the gas drought should be covered with grass moisturizing, watering once in the morning and evening before emergence to keep the soil moist, remove the grass after emergence, and apply 10-20% of manure once after turning the green leaves of the cotyledons, once the seedlings produce 1-2 tablets. True leaf time seedlings, seedlings from about 1.5-3.3 cm, 3-4 true leaf when the seedlings from 6.6 cm, each time after the seedlings applied 10-20% of human fecal water once, to facilitate the roots and soil close together. The age of Chinese cabbage should vary with the season. In early autumn when sowing, the temperature is high and growing fast, the seedling age needs 20-25 days, and the late autumn sowing seeds are 40-50 days. Seedling height 14-16 cm, true leaves 4-5 can be transplanted. Fifth, the soil cultivated fresh cabbage, short growth period, generally without base fertilizer, while the pickled varieties (green stem cabbage) growth period is longer, after ploughing Mushi concentrated manure 2500-3000 kg base fertilizer, made of lotus root width 1.4-1.5 meters, the planting density can be determined according to variety, cultivation time and cultivation purposes. Early autumn cultivation, high temperature, short growth period, density should be 20 cm square, 15000 per mu; autumn and winter cultivation, the temperature is suitable, the plants can fully grow, the distance should be 26 cm square, per mu 10 000-12000; spring cabbage easy twitching, Appropriate increase in density; pickled varieties, long growth period, plant spacing 28-33 cm square, acres planted 6000-8000 strains. VI. Fertilizer management Cabbage leaves are large, evaporation is large, fertilizer and water are sufficient, fertilizer composition is mainly available nitrogen, and 15-20% watered manure is applied during planting. The seedlings are watered once a day before they become alive, especially after early autumn. Continuous watering should be 3-4 days; winter planters can be poured once every 3-4 days. After the seedlings turn green, apply 20-30% of the manure water once, and then pour it once a week. After reaching the seedling height 22-26 cm, apply 50% concentrated manure once, 1500-2000 kg per mu or 10-15 kg of ammonium sulfate. , Pickled, applied once every two weeks after a heavy fertilizer to promote growth, to 15-20 days before harvest to stop fertilizing, so that the organization is enriched, conducive to pickled. VII. Harvesting and Seeding Species Autumn cabbage can be harvested in batches within 30-40 days after planting, but the best harvest is 70-80 days. The yield per mu can reach 4000-6000 kg, while the winter cabbage must be 120 days. Above, when the plants are fully grown and the base leaves begin to yellow, the yield is highest. Processing varieties, Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas harvested from late November to early December, 4000-5000 kilograms per mu, spring cabbage must be harvested before the convulsions, 2500-4000 kg per mu. The varieties of Chinese cabbage are easy to hybridize, leaving more than 1,000 meters of seeding space or using different varieties of flowering to prevent hybridization. Planting plants are generally planted from early October to late November, planted within a year, distance (33-5026-33). Centimeter) or live in mid-November, strip width 33 centimeters, choose to stay strong after emergence, with the characteristics of this species as a seedling, so that the seedlings from 10-14 cm, seedlings overwintering. After harvesting the selected plants, the upper leaves were cut off, and the transplanted land was planted. In winter, the straw was covered with antifreeze, till the late spring flowering, and the pods were easily cracked when mature. The pods must be harvested when the yellow ripening period was not cracked, and then sun 2-3 days later. Fall seeds, dry storage. China Agricultural Network Editor
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