Cabbage has the characteristics of easy storage, high yield, good quality, etc. However, in recent years, cruciferous vegetables have a common occurrence of clubroot disease, and floating seedling technology has solved the soil-borne bacteria of cruciferous vegetable clubroot disease and shortened it. The slow seedling time after planting accelerates the recovery of roots, ensures product quality, and improves the value of the goods. Let's take a look at the following.
1 floating seedling
1.1 variety selection
Excellent varieties are the basis for obtaining high-yield and high-quality agricultural products. Generally, it should choose the leading cabbage, Zhonggan series, Jingfeng, Yuefeng and other green cabbage varieties with strong resistance, high yield and good overall performance, and purple cabbage varieties such as Zihui, Hongyun and Hongta.
1.2 Preparation before seedling
1 seedling tray disinfection seedling tray using polypropylene foam disc, length × width × height of 66cm × 34cm × 7cm 200-hole seedling tray, can also be used in other specifications of seedling tray, the new use of seedling tray can not be disinfected, but already The used nursery tray must be disinfected. The seedling tray can be immersed in 0.05%-0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 4 hours. After disinfection, wash with water.
2 The seedling pond disinfection and fertilization water bed membrane is polyethylene black film, thickness 0.08mm. The new ones can be used without disinfection, but they must be disinfected with 30% bleaching powder 1000 times. The disinfected water bed membrane is tiled in the nursery pond, fixed in the card slot with a circlip, and placed in clean water, the water is 7-10cm away from the pool. According to the amount of fertilizer per pool (kg) = water quality per pool ( Kg) × concentration (%), a special formula of flue-cured tobacco with a concentration of 0.1% (N: P2O5: K2O is 12:10:12), and stirred evenly.
3 Seed disinfection The selected varieties of seeds are sterilized in the sun for 1-2 days, and the coated seeds can be directly sown.
1.3 matrix selection and adding water
The flue-cured tobacco is used to float the seedling substrate. Before loading the tray, pour the substrate out of the bag into a pile, add water with the shovel while stirring, and strive to be uniform. From time to time, the substrate is hand-picked. When the substrate can be held in groups, it can be scattered or landed. .
1.4 sowing
The use of floating seedling tray seeding machine can complete the loading, pressing and sowing. During the machine broadcast, pay attention to the pressure roller and the seeding cylinder from time to time to avoid uneven pressure points and seed clogging. The substrate is evenly spread on the seeded seedling tray, and the substrate is completely flattened to prevent the spiral seedling from occurring. Then, place the seedling tray in the nursery pond and place it neatly.
1.5 seedling management
1 Temperature and humidity management The temperature and light control system equipped in the greenhouse is used. During sowing to emergence, the temperature is controlled at about 25 °C, and the temperature is controlled at 20-25 °C after emergence. At the same time, temperature control, humidity control and ventilation are provided by opening the sunshade net, skylight and shed film on both sides. In the case of continuous rainfall, when the film membrane is poorly wetted and the humidity of the disk surface is too large, the bamboo frame should be used to dry the tray on the nursery pond to increase the permeability of the disk surface and promote the normal growth of the vegetable seedlings.
2 seedlings and seedlings to increase seedling rate need and time seedlings and seedlings. After 3 days of sowing, the seedlings will emerge. When most of the seedlings have entered the small “cross period†(two true leaves and two cotyledons are in the “ten†shape), it is necessary to remove many seedlings, spiral roots and weak seedlings in time. Leave a healthy seedling at each hole. When the seedlings are found to be missing, use the thin bamboo pieces to carefully remove the strong seedlings that have been pulled out. Generally, the seedlings and the seedlings are simultaneously carried out.
3 Disease control Although floating seedlings are carried out under strict hygienic conditions, for various reasons, disease occurrence is inevitable. The seedling diseases mainly include rickets and blight, and in the early stage of the disease, it is sprayed with 64% cream, manganese-zinc wettable powder 500 times solution or 58% nail cream·manganese-zinc wettable powder 500 times.
2 suitable for colonization
Cabbage is a shallow root crop with high nutrient requirements. When the field is finished, it is necessary to deepen the fineness and apply the base fertilizer. Each 667m2 of fertilized farmyard manure 2000-3000kg, urea 20kg, calcium 40kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, borax 2kg, and zinc fertilizer 1kg are mixed and applied in the field or in the pot. It is cultivated with sorghum double-row, purple cabbage with a large row spacing of 100cm, a rake surface width of 50cm, and a groove depth of 20-30cm; green cabbage with a large row spacing of 90cm, a rake surface width of 50cm, a groove depth of 20-30cm, and a good 50% per 667m2 after the kneading surface. 100 mL of butachlor suspension Suspension 100 kg of water sprayed on the soil surface to prevent weeds, and then covered the mulch.
Seedling age (from emergence to seedling) for about 20 days, when the seedlings have 6-7 leaves to colonize. Choose cloudy or evening transplanting, 2 rows per ,, purple cabbage with a small spacing of 30cm, plant spacing 30cm, 4400 plants per 667m2; green cabbage with a small spacing of 30cm, plant spacing 25cm, planting about 5900 per 667m2; Root water is poured.
3 post-plant management
After planting, it should be topdressed 2-3 times before harvesting, so that it is light and heavy before. After 7 days of transplanting, use 1000kg of clear manure water or 5-7kg of urea per 667m2 to pour water once to make seedling fertilizer;
25 days or so depending on the condition of the seedlings, the fertilizer is applied once; in the early stage of the core, the ball is re-applied, and 30-35 kg of urea is used per 667 m2, and the water is poured;
In the core period, foliar fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate or plant extract can be sprayed on the foliage. Fertilizer application is strictly prohibited 30 days before harvest.
4 pest control
The pollution-free production of cabbage is to actively promote the use of biological pesticides in accordance with the standardized technical norms for the production of pollution-free vegetables. It is based on agricultural control, combined with physical control, scientific and rational use of pesticides, etc. to ensure safe, high quality and pollution-free cabbage.
4.1 Agricultural control
Select resistant varieties; rational rotation; strictly treat the roots and leaves of the affected plots, and never use the residual roots as feed or compost, and should be buried or burned.
4.2 physical control
Use frequency-vibration or solar insecticidal lamps, yellow plates, sexual attractants, etc. to trap adults.
4.3 Chemical control
The main diseases of Tengchong cabbage are root swollen disease, downy mildew, soft and black rot, black spot disease, etc.; the main pests are aphids, diamondback moth, cabbage caterpillar, and Spodoptera litura. Scientific and rational use of high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue chemical pesticides is an important method to control cabbage pests and diseases. In the process of pollution-free production of cabbage, the use of pesticides should be used in strict accordance with the number of uses, concentration and safety intervals prescribed by the state.
5 suitable harvest
When the leaf ball is solid and shiny, the sign of ripening of the cabbage should be harvested in time. Especially in the rainy season, if the harvest is not timely, the leaf ball is prone to cracking, causing decay and affecting quality.
The method of floating seedlings in the greenhouse and the pollution-free cultivation techniques in the open field are summarized today for everyone. Please refer to the vegetable farmers for reference.
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