The period of adolescence and childhood is an important period for physical and intellectual development, and it is also an important stage for the development and formation of behavior and lifestyle. The individual's dietary behavior was also developed and developed during this period. The dietary behaviors formed during childhood will not only continue into adulthood but will continue for a lifetime. Dietary behavior can not only affect the current health of children and adolescents but also affect
Their lifetime health even when they were grown up.
A survey on the dietary behaviors of children in four cities in China helps to understand the current status of children's dietary behaviors, identify existing problems, and provide basis for formulating effective intervention strategies.
investigation method
Sampling method: Three-stage stratified random cluster sampling method is adopted: each city is divided into two layers: urban areas and suburban areas; one area is randomly selected from each layer; and 3 to 4 are randomly selected from the two areas being pumped. There are 2 to 4 kindergartens and primary and secondary schools; 1 class is randomly selected from each grade of kindergartens and schools that are selected, and pre-school children and students whose household registration is selected are selected as the survey objects. Parents who participated in the survey of children and students were also investigated.
Questionnaire method: A questionnaire survey was used, including breakfast, snacks, drinks, fast food, and food preferences.
Pre-school children and primary school pupils in grades 1 to 2 are face-to-face interviews. Students in grades 3 and above and all parents use self-administered questionnaires.
Survey results
A total of 9,976 children-parents were surveyed this time. After data cleaning, 9464 children-parents were selected for analysis. Among the 9464 children, 2,344 preschool children accounted for 24.8%, 4,554 pupils accounted for 48.1%, and 2566 secondary students accounted for 27.1%. There are 4,626 boys (48.9%) and 4,838 girls (51.1%). There are 52 94 young children from the urban areas, accounting for 55.9%; there are 4,170 young children and children in the suburbs, accounting for 44.1%. Of the 9,464 parents, there were 5,815 mothers, accounting for 61.4%, and 3,649 fathers, accounting for 38.6%.
[breakfast]
The proportion of daily breakfast for preschool children, primary school students, and middle school students was 84.5%, 83.4%, and 81.1%, respectively, and the proportion of regular breakfast guests was 8.1%, 11.1%, and 12.0%, respectively. The proportion of people who used to eat breakfast or not to eat breakfast was 7.4%, 5.5%, and 6.9%.
Regarding the location of breakfast, 56.5% of pre-school children were at home, 41.0% were in kindergarten, 1.4% were in restaurants/pending booths, and 0.7% were on the road for breakfast; 85.8% of primary school children were at home, 7.0% were at school, 3.7% On the way, 3.2% had breakfast at the restaurant/pizza; 82.6% of the middle school students were at home, 8.4% were at school, 5.5% were on the road, and 2.7% had breakfast at the restaurant/pizza.
Breakfast for preschool children is mainly prepared by mothers and grandparents. Breakfast for primary school students is mainly prepared by mothers and fathers. Breakfast for middle school students is mainly prepared by mothers, children themselves and their fathers.
Health, nutrition, children’s preferences, convenience, and variety are the factors parents consider when they prepare breakfast.
[fast food]
The percentage of fast food shops known to middle school students, primary school students, and preschool children was 96.0%, 90.8%, and 83.7%, respectively. The proportion of fast food restaurants among them was 91.1%, 92.2%, and 95.4%, respectively.
The main reasons that preschool children like to go to fast food restaurants are: fast food is delicious, there are toys and small gifts; the primary reasons that pupils like to go are: fast food is delicious, health and environment are good; the main reasons for middle school students are: fast food is delicious, Convenience, good environment and hygiene. In the understanding of fast food, students think that the proportion of fast food nutrition is reasonable and the nutritional value is higher than parents.
Parents usually take children to fast-food restaurants on holidays or at children’s requests, when their children’s birthdays are good, and test scores are 66.1%, 34.5%, 34.2%, and 17.9%, respectively.
Snacks
Urban teenagers generally eat snacks. The proportion of preschool children, primary school students, and middle school students eating snacks was 97.2%, 97.3%, and 98.4%, respectively; preschool children and primary school students had similar proportions of men and women eating snacks, which were 97.3%, 97.1%, and 96.9%, respectively.
The percentage of urban teenagers who eat snacks during the weekend is significantly higher than that of Sunday. The proportion of middle school students who eat snacks is higher than that of primary school students and preschool children. The proportion of snacks they eat at different times on Sundays is also different. Preschoolers have a significantly higher proportion of snacks in the evening than in the afternoon and in the morning; the percentage of snacks eaten by middle and elementary school students in the afternoon is higher than that in the evening and in the morning. The proportion of males and females who eat snacks at different times in preschool and primary school students is similar.
Preschool children and elementary and middle school students often use snack foods such as fruit, bread, biscuits, candy, desserts, and puffed foods. Snacks for preschool children are often prepared by mothers, fathers, and grandparents. Snacks for primary school children are mainly prepared by mothers, fathers, and children. Snacks for middle school students are often prepared by mothers, children, and fathers.
Preschool children mainly eat snacks at home and in kindergartens, and primary and secondary school students eat snacks mainly at home and school.
The factors taken into consideration by preschoolers in selecting snacks are: food taste, nutrition, color, packaging, and frequency of eating at home; the factors considered by primary and secondary school students are: food taste, nutrition, and frequency of eating at home.
[Drink]
Preschool children often drink at home: drinking water, milk, carbonated drinks, yogurt and fruit juice; primary school students are: carbonated drinks, milk, plain water, fruit juices and yogurt; secondary students are: carbonated drinks, milk, juice, yogurt and White boiling water. The types of beverages they consume at school are different from those at home. Preschoolers are boiled water, soymilk and milk, followed by boiled water, milk, carbonated drinks and soy milk. Secondary students are in turn boiled water, carbonated drinks and milk.
The drink that the pupils drink at home is mainly prepared by the mother, the father, and himself; the middle school student is mainly prepared by himself, his mother, and his father. The drinks that schoolchildren drink at school are mainly prepared by their mothers and themselves; secondary students are mainly prepared by themselves and their mothers.
[Food preferences]
92.6% of pre-school children have special food preferences. Food taste, smell and nutrition are the main factors affecting their food preferences; 87.1% of primary school students and 69.1% of middle school students have special food preferences, food taste, nutrition and odor. Is the main influence factor.
Among preschool children, primary school students and middle school students, 64.5%, 68.5% and 67.7% did not like to eat certain foods. The taste and smell of food were the main influencing factors.
When confronted with foods that do not like to eat, the main ways that pre-school children are treated are: do not eat 62.6%, eat less 24.1%, eat as much as 12.0%, and spit 1.3%; the primary methods used by primary school students are: 31.8% Do not eat, 25.6% eat only, 24.8% eat, 17.2% eat as much as possible; middle school students eat only 46.6%, 33.6% eat less, 13.5% eat as much as possible 5.1% eat some.
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