a) Requirements for construction of duck and duck houses
1. Site selection requires quietness, cleanliness, isolation, independence; high ground and dry ground; away from villages, sewage ditch, factories and mines.
2. The duck house requires cool in winter and cool in summer, fresh air, good heat insulation, and the walls and tops of duck houses should be thick, ceilings should be suspended, and white exterior walls and roofs should be painted in summer to ensure thermal insulation. , cool in winter and cool in summer.
3, ducks do not like light, house wall and floor hardening. Do not leave the skylight in the duck house. The windows on both sides should be low for ventilation. The ventilating and ventilation of duck houses mainly depends on ventilation fans, and natural ventilation can also be used. The use of ceiling fans is of little significance.
4, litter to high-quality rice husk, wheat straw, requiring soft, clean, no mildew. In summer, ducks can be washed with water, preferably without soil, sawdust, etc. Sheltered nets are the development direction and can improve the breeding conditions and levels of the farmers and improve their economic benefits.
(B) Feeding of meat ducks
1, ground level raising. Many duck farmers used to raise chickens. The conditions for raising the ground on the ground were almost the same as those for keeping chickens. Since the duck disease was low at the beginning, the breeding efficiency was fair. With the increase in the number of farming batches, many farmers have gone Into the misunderstanding of broiler breeding, duck disease increased, and low efficiency.
2, online raising. The broiler online breeding mode is also suitable for meat ducks. It is yet another technological revolution in the development of modern aquaculture, and it is related to the improvement and improvement of the breeding level and efficiency of farmers. As the ducks are timid, it is important to pay attention to the stability of the scaffolding nets when they are aquacultured online, and the elasticity should be small to allow the ducks to move smoothly.
(C) Temperature
The difference between the meat ducklings and the eggling ducklings is that the temperature requirement for the brooding is higher and the nutrient level of the feed is also higher. In production practice, brooding is usually performed using a high-temperature brooding method. The advantage is that the duckling grows fast, has good yolk absorption and has a low incidence. The optimum environment temperature for the broiler duck during the brooding period is 35°C at 1-2 days, 30-34°C at 3-7 days, 24-29°C at 8-14 days, and 21-24°C at 15-21 days.
When you master the temperature, you must follow the rule that the duck's age grow from small to large, and gradually decline, and avoid sudden changes in height and temperature. Due to the strong or weak constitution of the ducklings, the heat sources used are different, and the humidity and ventilation conditions that are closely related to the temperature are also different. Therefore, the appropriate temperature to use is best determined according to the spirit of the duckling. When the temperature is too low, the ducklings will be squeezed into piles. At this time, the temperature should be raised appropriately. When the temperature is too high, the ducklings should open their mouths, keep away from heat, be restless, open their wings, and increase the amount of drinking water. At this time, the temperature should be reduced; when the temperature is appropriate, The ducklings spread their activities in groups of three or five. The lying posture was stretched.
(d) Humidity
In the early brooding period, the indoor temperature is high and the water evaporates quickly. At this time, the relative humidity is higher. If the humidity in the air is too low, ducklings are prone to dry toes, lack of energy and other mild dehydration symptoms, affecting health and growth. Therefore, within 1 week of age, the relative humidity in the brooding room should be maintained at 60%-70%, and it can be maintained at 50%-55% from the age of 2 weeks.
The high-temperature and high-humidity environment not only prevents the body heat of ducklings from being dissipated, resulting in a loss of appetite and a bad spirit. It is also conducive to the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms such as molds, and the ducklings are susceptible to disease. In case of low temperature and high humidity, it is more detrimental to ducklings. The harm is more serious; the body heat of ducklings is rapidly dissipated, it is easy to catch cold, and feed consumption increases. Therefore, within the brooding period, taking temperature as the main factor, considering the combination of temperature and humidity, and rigorously mastering, can achieve good results.
(five) ventilation
The ducklings have a high body temperature and quick breathing. If the brooding room is closed too tightly, the indoor carbon dioxide will increase rapidly. If not properly ventilated, it will cause hypoxia. Especially when the room temperature is high and the humidity is high, the feces is decomposed rapidly, and a large amount of harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are volatilized to stimulate the eyes, nose and respiratory tract, and poisoning may occur in severe cases. Therefore, the brooding room should be regularly ventilated. The south-facing windows should be properly open to keep the indoor air fresh. At any time to prevent the thief wind straight duck body.
(VI) Lighting System
Ducklings need special sunlight. Sunlight can increase the body surface temperature of ducks, increase blood circulation, promote the synthesis of vitamin D3, promote bone growth, increase appetite, stimulate the digestive system, and contribute to metabolism. In the case that natural light cannot be used or the natural light time is insufficient, artificial light can be used to make up. During the brooding period, the intensity of light may be greater and the time may be longer. The first week of age, up to 20-23 hours of light per day and night. At the beginning of the 2nd week of age, gradually reduce the light intensity and shorten the lighting time. From the 3rd week of age, it is necessary to distinguish between different conditions, such as the first half of the brooding, the use of natural daylight during the day, darker lighting at night, only when feeding The high light shines for half an hour; for the following half year brooding, due to the sunshine duration, the light can be increased by 1-2 hours in the evening and the rest of the time is still illuminated with dark lighting.
In addition to temperature, humidity, air, light and other environmental conditions, water quality, feeding density and noise, have a greater impact on ducklings, we must pay attention.
(7) Feeding density
Different types of ducks (meat type or egg type) have different stocking densities. If the same type of duck is of different ages or different stages of growth, the amount of feeding per square meter of duck house is different. Even though the same type of duck has the same age, the size of the duck house is different due to the different breeding seasons. There are also differences in the number of ducks per square meter of duck house. Therefore, when building a duck house to calculate the building area, it is necessary to leave room for appropriate relaxation of the plan; but when using the duck house, it is necessary to plan carefully to increase the utilization rate of the duck house.
The general principle is that within the unit area, the winter should be raised more properly (increase the density), and in the summer it should be raised in small quantities; in large-scale duck houses, the rearing density should be larger, and the small-scale duck houses should be kept in small density; In large duck houses, the stocking density may be appropriately larger, and the ducklings in a small playing field may have smaller breeding densities.
(8) Disinfection
Effective disinfection is the main means of controlling duck disease.
Disinfection is based on a very clean foundation to be effective. There should be no sewage, dirt, duck hair, duck dung, dust, cobwebs, etc. in the environment.
According to the current breeding condition and incidence of meat ducks, the disinfectant should be used against bacteria, viruses, bacterial spores and coccidial oocysts. Such as 2% -3% fire alkali water spray disinfection; double chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant spray disinfection; aldehyde disinfectant fumigation.
Empty field for 10-15 days, it is wrong to enter the duck immediately after disinfection, and it should be dried for 10-15 days after disinfection to fully kill the pathogenic microorganisms in the house and achieve effective purification.
The surroundings of the duck house should be kept clean. When the two ducks are in a neutral position, they must be sterilized around the duck house, dormitories, dormitories, warehouses, and toilets. In particular, the ducks should wear clothes, shoes, and even bedding. Disinfection, using disinfectant soaking, fumigation or UV light irradiation.
Disinfection with ducks is not to sterilize the ducks. Instead of spraying them on the ducks, the nozzles should be sprayed upwards. From the ceiling and the wall to the ground, the droplets should be as small as possible. Use warm water in winter and cool water in summer. Disinfectants do not use acids and bases and pungent disinfectants.
(9) Biosafety isolation measures
1. The farmers should put an end to all unnecessary contacts and exchanges. They should not visit each other, help and gather and play.
2. A wall or a fence wall should be set up around the duck house, a disinfection pool should be set up at the entrance, and disinfectant water should be replaced once a week. Persons entering and exiting should change clothes and change shoes.
3. Regularly put rat poisons around the duck houses, and then place barbed wire or plastic nets on the air inlets and doors and windows of duck houses to prevent wild birds from entering the duck houses, thereby reducing feed wastage and the spread of diseases.
4. After each batch of ducks is raised, all duck droppings, litter, sewage, and dirt should be promptly removed and disinfected.
5. Diseased ducks are reared or eliminated in time, and dead ducks are treated innocently (burned, buried, cooked). Dead duck traffickers cannot be near duck houses.
6, after contact with the dead duck, you must wash your hands with disinfectants to do other activities.
7. The last batch of ducks should not feed the next batch of ducks.
8, all in and out, to ensure that every farmer or even close to the farmers to do all the way out, that is unified into the young, unified management, unified immunity, unified slaughter, unified disinfection, the only way to ensure a small range Internal disinfection and purification effect.
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