Cucumber, a vegetable that is common in everyone's life, is now widely grown in tropical and temperate regions. How to cultivate high-yield cucumber? I believe that every vegetable farmer friend is concerned about one of the problems. Below, Hui Nongwang Xiaobian will take everyone to learn how to achieve high-yield cultivation of common cucumbers in rural vegetable fields.
Sowing time
The sowing period of cucumber is mid-January or late, and it can be raised in a warming greenhouse or energy-saving solar greenhouse. The nutrient bowl with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 10 cm is filled with 8 cm of nutrient soil, water is poured, and water is passed through each 1 seed of germinated seeds in the nutrient bowl, covered with 1 cm thick, flat cover mulch, to protect the 墒
2. Soil preparation and base fertilizer
Fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. The fertilization method is based on base fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. According to the nutritional characteristics of vegetable growth and development, fertilizer requirement, soil nutrient content and target yield, the expert fertilization system is used to determine the vegetable. The amount of fertilizer applied is balanced fertilization to ensure nutrient balance in the soil.
Medium-fertilizer vegetable fields generally use 5000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, 75 kg of superphosphate, and 30 kg of potassium sulfate. After the base fertilizer is applied, the ground is turned to 30-40 cm. The soil and fertilizer are mixed and flattened. The width is 1.2 m wide. Two high ridges of 10-15 cm are used in the raft, and the ridge distance is 50 cm.
3. Variety selection
Cucumber cultivation should choose excellent varieties with low temperature resistance, high temperature resistance and strong disease resistance in the early stage, such as Jinyou No.10 and Boai No.3.
4. Temperature requirements
Cucumbers are warm and not cold. The fertility temperature is 10 to 32 °C. Generally, the temperature is 25 to 32 ° C during the day and 15 to 18 ° C during the night. The optimum temperature is 20 to 25 ° C and the lowest is about 15 ° C. The most suitable temperature difference between day and night is 10-15 °C. Cucumber has poor photosynthesis at 35 °C, high temperature barrier at 45 °C, and freezing at -2 to 0 °C. If low temperature refining can withstand low temperatures of 3 °C.
5. Lighting requirements
The South China variety is more sensitive to short-day sunshine, while the North China-type variety has strict requirements on the length of sunshine. It has become a neutral plant with sunshine, its light saturation point is 55,000 lux, the light compensation point is 1500 lux, and most varieties are 8-11. Under short daylight conditions, the growth is good.
6. Moisture requirements
Cucumber yield is high and water demand is large. The suitable soil moisture is 60-90%. The moisture in the seedling stage should not be too much, and the soil moisture is 60-70%. In the result period, sufficient water must be supplied, and the soil moisture is 80-90%. The suitable relative humidity of cucumber is 60-90%. If the relative humidity of the air is too large, it is easy to cause disease, resulting in reduced production.
7. Soil requirements
Cucumbers are wet and not resistant to cockroaches, but also to fertilizers and fertilizers. It is advisable to choose fertile soil rich in organic matter. Generally prefer soil between pH 5.5 and 7.2, but the pH is preferably 6.5.
8. Film mulching
After the cucumber is sowed, it is sealed with the mulch for 2 to 3 days. When 2/3 of the seed cotyledons are unearthed, the ground is removed. Minimize watering during the seedling period to prevent high-temperature and high-humidity from appearing in high seedlings, and timely uncover grass to increase light.
9. Strong seedling standards
The seedling age is about 35 days, the plant height is 15-20 cm, the leaves are 3 leaves, the cotyledons are intact, the internodes are short and thick, the leaves are thick and green, the roots are thick, the roots are developed, and they are healthy and disease-free.
10. Four film coverage
Early spring greenhouse adopts “four membrane coverâ€, which is a layer of greenhouse film, a two-layer sky curtain membrane and a small arched membrane on the seedling. The greenhouse film is buckled 20 days before planting to increase the ground temperature, and the temperature is 10 cm in the greenhouse for 3 consecutive days. It can be colonized by 12 °C. 5 to 7 days before planting, the sky curtain is 2 layers, spaced 20 to 30 cm apart. It is best to use a polyethylene drop-free film with a thickness of 0.012 mm.
11. Timely colonization
1 day before planting, spray a fungicide on the seedbed. 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, or 77% can kill 700 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution. Colonization should be carried out on sunny days in the morning. The ridge is ditched and watered. When the water seeps into the semi-ditch water, the seedlings are placed at a distance of about 32 cm. After the water seeps, the soil is sealed. This method is called “water stable seedlingâ€, and about 3500 plants per acre are planted. Buckle the small arch shed.
12. Cultivating loose soil
After the cucumber is slowed down, 3 to 4 times of cultivating and loosening the soil, from near to far, from shallow to deep, combined with cultivating to the melon seedlings and ridges, and finally forming a small high ridge cultivation.
13. Reasonable watering
After the cucumber is planted, it is necessary to pour a slow seedling water, and then do not dry it. When the cucumber grows to 12 leaves, about 60% of the clams have a small melon of about 12 cm, and the second water is poured. After entering the melon period, the water demand increases, and the water needs to be adjusted due to factors such as growth and weather. During the water interval, water is poured once every 7 to 10 days before the growth period of the cucumber, water is poured once every 5 to 7 days in the middle period, and water is poured once every 3 to 5 days. The watering in the early stage is better than watering in the sunny morning.
14. Timely top dressing
After the cucumber enters the melon period, it is combined with watering for topdressing. Generally, the water is separated by water. Each time, the urea is applied with 3 kg of urea, 5 kg of potassium sulfate, or 10 kg of high-nitrogen potassium.
15. Plant adjustment
When the plant grows to 7-8 leaves, the plant height is about 25 cm. The small arch shed is removed and the sling is started. The side vines below the first melon should be removed early, and the leaves should be topped with 2 leaves. When the main vine grows to 25 leaves, pick the heart and promote the return of the head melon. The root melon should be picked in time to avoid falling.
16. Harvest
After ripening, it can be picked, and the cucumber should be picked in time. Otherwise, it is too old to affect the taste, except for the seed.
The above is the whole content of cucumber cultivation. Everyone is coming to study. In general, these points are more comprehensive. If you want to learn one of them separately, you can search for it on Huinong.com!
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