For many years, researchers at the National Institutes of Healt (NIH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and pharmaceutical companies have tried to create a successful gonorrhea vaccine. Never succeeded. Clinical trial results have also been disappointing, and potential vaccines have not yet elicited an immune response. The researchers also know that people who are infected with gonorrhea do not have too long an immune memory response, and they are easily re-infected.
Gonorrhea is usually treated with antibiotics, but Neisseria produces more and more resistance and the choice of drugs becomes less and less. In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended five antibiotics for gonorrhea, and only one in the United States is still effective for treatment, but 400,000 cases of gonorrhea are reported each year.
There is now a "superbug" gonorrhea strain that is resistant and therefore the need for vaccines has become more urgent. Most researchers are developing new vaccines. According to Memes Consulting, Martin D'Souza, a pharmaceutical scientist at Mercer University, has developed a novel vaccine for gonorrhea vaccine using a novel approach.
Dr. Martin D'Souza
Many of the failed vaccine attempts involving the Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain are suspended in solution, but Dr. D'Souza's vaccine is different. His vaccine candidate is dry, he freezes the bacterial strain and incorporates it into a microneedle made of sugar polymer. Applying the microneedle patch to the skin is like sticking a band-aid, and the micro-needle dissolves in two minutes. The vaccine is then released into the skin where the tiny particles are absorbed by the immune cells.
A, the configured microneedle length is 600μM; B, Neisseria gonorrhoeae particles are loaded into the microneedles; C, microneedles that can be dissolved after transdermal administration; D, microneedle skin patch "band-aid"; E, utilization Microneedle patches of methylene blue dye form microchannels on the skin; F, calcitonin-stained microchannel light-cut images observed on the skin of test mice using confocal microscopy, in microchannels up to 600 ± 60 μM depth Calcein was observed.
Since the final microneedle vaccine does not contain water, the vaccine does not require freezing and can be stored at room temperature for many years.
Dr. D'Souza, professor of pharmaceutical sciences and co-director of the Drug Delivery Research Center at the University of Moss, said, “Many vaccines are administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, but a large proportion of them are excreted from the body. Vaccines in the form of microneedle patches are used. There will be no such troubles."
Dr. D'Souza's team conducted a preliminary study of this potential vaccine against test mice infected with gonorrhea. All of the test mice survived after one vaccine inoculation and produced a strong antibody response to the vaccine.
He recently received a three-year, $464,658 grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to support further research to determine whether the vaccine can cause long-term memory responses.
Dr. D'Souza also designed a dry powder granule vaccine for ovarian cancer, which was also funded by the National Institutes of Health. The vaccine is expected to enter Phase I clinical trials in early 2019 and will be the first ovarian cancer vaccine to meet clinical trial standards. D'Souza is working with Kiromic Biopharma, based in Houston, Texas, to oversee trials at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. The ovarian cancer vaccine will be administered to the patient in capsule form.
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