Preparation of aquaculture ponds
In the time when the current weather is not stable yet suitable for aquaculture, it is necessary to fully develop and utilize wasteland, organize ponds suitable for breeding, and increase the area for aquaculture. We must do a good job in dredging reconstruction and disinfection of low-standard ponds, raise standards for pond culture, and increase the potential for production of aquatic products. Before the end of February, it is necessary to rectify the Tongkou: To remove the debris around the pond, remove the weeds, repair and reinforce the pool, and repair the leaks; drain the pool water to dredge the fish ponds to expand the depth of the ponds and increase the cultivation. space. When carrying out aquaculture, ensure that the water depth reaches 2 to 2.5 meters. Secondly, it is necessary to ensure that the bottom of the pool is frozen for more than half a month to kill pathogens and other harmful organisms in fish ponds and promote the decomposition of organic matter.
Seed stocking
With the timing of rising temperatures, we will select new varieties with good market prospects and do a good job of stocking fish. The spring season is the peak season for the sale of aquatic products. When purchasing high-quality aquatic products, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the supply unit has the permission for production and sales of seedlings, and whether the purchased aquatic product seedlings have the certificate of origin inspection and quarantine.
Qing Tong disinfection: usually in the seedlings before the 7 days to 10 days of disinfection with drug clear pond disinfection to eliminate various pathogenic factors and pathogenic microorganisms in water. Specifically include: 1 Lime dry clear pond, will drain the basic water, dig a few pits around the pond, will be poured lime into the pit, stirring into a paste to the surrounding evenly spilled, the next day to push again, will The bottom mud is fully mixed with quicklime to enhance the clear pond effect. 2 Quicklime brings water to the clear pond. The pool water is kept at a depth of 1 meter. The quicklime is poured into a concrete boat and stirred to form a slurry and the whole pool is splashed. 3 Leave the water in the pond to a depth of 10 cm. Use a bleaching powder containing 30% chlorine to form a paste. Sprinkle the whole pond evenly. Fill the pool with water and spread evenly with bleaching powder. Stir thoroughly. Usually fish species can be released after 7 days.
Fertilizer submerged pond: After 5 days to 7 days, the base fertilizer can be applied. Normally, fermented pigs, cow dung from 500 kilograms to 700 kilograms or 200 kilograms of human excrement per hectare of ponds (new ponds or thin ponds can be applied), and then water injections are beneficial to the growth of phytoplankton and provide natural food.
Select seedlings: Pay attention to the delivery of large-sized seedlings, and ensure that they have excellent varieties, good quality, and large specifications. Since the current temperature is low and the temperature in spring changes greatly, it is necessary to grasp the changes in the weather and prevent frostbite fish species in the spring work, and the operations should be carefully performed to improve the survival rate of the fish species. Should choose the specifications of tidy, robust, bright color, complete scales, lively, disease-free, non-invasive fish species, will help improve the survival rate of fish species.
The length of grass, cockroach and eel should be 15 cm, eel 13 cm, mackerel and eel more than 10 cm. The fish species should be disinfected and then enter the pool. Usually, they are soaked with 3% to 5% saline or 10 mg/L potassium permanganate solution for 5 minutes to 10 minutes, or with 3% to 5% bleach and 8% copper sulfate. Fish species were soaked for 20 minutes to 30 minutes to kill the body surface pathogen.
Stocking: Water temperature 8 °C ~ 10 °C is the best time for stocking fish species. At this time, the water quality is stable, the fish body is strong, the fish body is not easy to be injured during fishing and transportation, and the mortality and morbidity are low. At the same time, fish species can be raised early and adapt to the environment earlier, which can achieve the effect of early food and fast weight gain.
When stocking, pay attention to the temperature difference should not exceed 3 °C; stocking time should be selected in sunny weather without wind, frosty days and rain and snow days should not be stocked, to prevent frostbite fish. Restocking should be carried out from the top, first put the main fish rearing fish, reasonable stocking.
Fish species and adult fish rearing
Aquaculture seed breeding, breeding, to take advantage of the favorable timing of the gradual rise in temperature from February to April, strengthen parental feeding management, enhance the broodstock physique, and ensure the quality of breeding. It is necessary to prepare in advance the breeding preparation of fry, the maintenance of facilities, and the introduction, renewal, and cultivation of parents to ensure the smooth development of fry. At this stage, we must also pay attention to preventing and responding to extreme weather such as rain and snow, cold spring, etc. Firstly, we must strengthen the preservation of fishery facilities; second, improve the water level and heat preservation; third, we must prevent the lack of oxygen through ice-sweeping and snow drilling; and fourth, prevent accidents by safe operation. .
Feed the qualified feed produced by regular manufacturers, and pay attention to prevent moldy feed. Feeding moldy feed can lead to fish poisoning or hepatobiliary diseases. To look at the feeding, look at the weather, see the color of the water, watch the fish’s food and activities, and determine the timing, positioning, quality, and quantity of feeds to ensure that the amount of feed that is fed is high, quality, and palatable. Eat enough and eat well. Adhere to the morning, evening and evening patrols, observe whether the fish has floating heads in the early morning, observe fish activities and eating at noon, check the food intake throughout the day in the evening, remove residual baits and dirt. Prevention and treatment of fish diseases should adhere to the principle of "prevention from prevention and prevention from treatment." Sterilization and killing of insecticide should be based on the selection of fishery medicines produced by regular manufacturers to prevent the use of fishery drugs that are strictly prohibited by the State and ensure the quality and safety of aquatic products.
Daily aquaculture management: There must be someone responsible for the management of the pond. The water should be replaced once every 20 days, each time adding 15 cm to 20 cm of water. After the first irrigation, the water quality should be adjusted. The weather is very cold and it is necessary to deepen the water level to more than 2 meters. For those ponds that have not been rehydrated and have low oxygen levels for a long time, use ammonium nitrate and calcium superphosphate mixed into a small-sized cloth bag and hang it under water. Stir the bottom of the pond with bamboo rafts at noon on a sunny day and stir the other part over time. Once a month. The wintering pond should be properly put in some organic fertilizer, distiller's grains, bean cakes or cakes, etc., in order to raise the water temperature and meet the needs of a small amount of wintering fish. When the spring water temperature reaches 7°C～8°C, early fertilization and fertilization should be used to grow fish and promote the growth of fish.
In the spring season, diseases such as watery mildew, red skin disease, and parasitic diseases are in high season. Disease prevention and control should adhere to the principle of “prevention, prevention, and combination of prevention and treatment†and actively promote healthy farming patterns to ensure the quality and safety of aquatic products. Timely cleaning and disinfecting ponds, paying attention to improving water quality, feeding feeds in time, and accelerating the return of fish to constitution and growth.
Aquatic mildew can be splashed with 4% salt and 4% baking soda, or sprinkled with a bleach solution. On the 1st day after suffering from erythroderma, the whole pool was splashed with bleach. On the 2nd day, lime was splashed once. On the 4th day, bleach was used again. Parasitic diseases, such as larval parasitic disease and filariasis, can be dried with chili powder, ginger, and decocted with water to sprinkling the juice all over the body. They are used once every two times. The fish gills are sprinkled with 90% of the crystal trichlorfon.
Bred broodstock management: to strengthen broodstock cultivation, promote broodstock physique, good gonadal development, ready for fry breeding. Every 7 days to 10 days should be topdressed once organic fertilizer, in order to maintain the pool water, increase the amount of plankton breeding in the pool, in order to ensure the feed of oysters and clams. When the water temperature reaches 6°C or more, compound feed can be fed in an appropriate amount to feed the broodstock, so as to enhance physique and not lose weight. Grass and broodstock ponds should also be fed some fresh leaves to compensate for the lack of green feed. Aerators should be turned on at a proper time to keep the pool soluble in oxygen above 5 mg/l.
Do a good pond record
To establish a pond file, record the cultured species, the source and growth of the seed, the source of feed, the status of feeding, and the change in water quality. Persistently write a diary of the pond every day to indicate date, weather conditions, stocking status, feeding type and amount of fertilization, fish food and activities, incidence and drug use, prevention and control measures, dead fish species, quantity, specifications, etc. Therefore, once a disease-causing pond has been established, it will be recorded and documented so that the cause of the disease can be found as soon as possible and the medicine can be prescribed to reduce the economic loss. The production records of Tangkou shall be kept for more than 2 years after the sales of the batch of aquatic products.
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