Release date: 2014-08-08
Recently, scientists at Stanford University School of Medicine have invented an inexpensive portable microchip detection technology for the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, which is expected to improve the care of diabetic patients worldwide and help researchers better understand the disease. The results of the study were published in the July 13, 2014 issue of Nature Medicine.
The researchers described the diagnostic method in Nature Medicine on July 13, 2014, which uses nanotechnology to detect type 1 diabetes outside the hospital setting. This handheld microchip distinguishes between two main forms of diabetes, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, which are characterized by hyperglycemia but with different causes and treatments. Until now, the distinction between these two types of diabetes requires a slow and expensive test and can only be achieved in complex health care facilities.
Dr. Brian Feldman, Assistant Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology, is a senior author of this article and a pediatric endocrinologist at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University. He pointed out: "With this new method, we hope to not only be more effective and more widely diagnosed. Diabetes, but also a better understanding of diabetes – how natural history and new therapies affect the body.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease, while type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. In the past, the onset of these two diseases was easily identifiable. Type 1 diabetes was diagnosed almost exclusively in children, and type 2 diabetes almost always occurred in middle-aged, overweight adults. Because this distinction is obvious, researchers often do not consider laboratory confirmation of the type of diabetes, and often avoid confirmation because of the cost and difficulty of testing. Now, due to the prevalence of childhood obesity, approximately one in four newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients are children. Moreover, the cause is unknown, and more and more newly diagnosed patients with type 1 diabetes are adults. Delayed diagnosis of type 1 diabetes can lead to serious illness or death, so rapid diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is critical to the efficacy of emerging therapies.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by an inappropriate immune system attack on healthy tissue. Therefore, the patient's body stops making insulin (a hormone that plays a key role in sugar processing). At the onset of this disease, a person's own antibodies attack the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Autoantibodies are present in patients with type 1 diabetes, but not in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diagnostic tests use this to distinguish them.
There is growing evidence that rapid detection and aggressive new treatments for type 1 diabetes can benefit patients in the long term, may prevent autoimmune attacks on the pancreas, and maintain some of the body's ability to make insulin.
Old, slow detection methods that use radioactive materials to detect autoantibodies can take several days and can only be done by trained laboratory personnel, each patient needing several hundred dollars. In contrast, the microchip does not have any radioactivity and can produce results in a matter of minutes, with minimal training. Each chip, estimated to cost about $20, can be used for more than 15 tests. Compared with the old detection method, the chip uses a smaller blood volume; it does not require laboratory blood draw, and blood can be collected by fingers.
The microchip relies on a fluorescence-based method to detect antibodies. The team's innovation is that the glass plates that form the base of each chip are covered with a large number of gold-sized "islands" of nanoparticles, which exacerbate the fluorescent signal and make antibody detection more reliable. The researchers validated this test using blood samples from patients newly diagnosed with diabetes and non-diabetics. Older detection methods and chip detection methods were performed on the blood of the two groups of subjects.
In addition to new diabetics, people at risk of developing type 1 diabetes, such as close relatives of patients, can also benefit from this test because it allows doctors to track quickly and cheaply before these people show symptoms. Their autoantibody levels. Because this method is inexpensive, it also allows for the first screening of diabetes autoantibodies in a large population.
Feldman said: "The autoantibody is really a crystal ball. Even if you don't have diabetes, if you have a diabetes-related autoantibody in your blood, you have a big risk; with multiple autoantibodies, the risk is more than 90%."
Scott Gualdoni, a type 1 diabetic, and his 9-year-old daughter, Mia, are excited about this new diagnostic test. Gualdoni was diagnosed with diabetes at the age of 41 in 2011. Because of his age, his primary care physician began treating him as type 2 diabetes without autoantibody testing.
A few months later, Gualdoni asked the doctor to give him an antibody test. He said: "I just feel that something is wrong." His suspicion was confirmed: he was suffering from type 1 diabetes.
He said: "Doctors may not think that adults will develop late-onset type 1 diabetes. I became a fish in the net." He is eager to see the application of microchip testing, because in the doctor's office, using this cheap Hand-held detection technology can correct his incorrect treatment for several months. He said: "If you don't treat the disease correctly, you are really hurting your body."
This detection technology also brings hope to Mia, which was found to contain five diabetes autoantibodies in TrialNet, a nationwide study that tracks relatives associated with type 1 diabetes and monitors their risk. .
Feldman said: "This new technology has great potential to detect people at risk before they become ill, and to prevent diabetes and its complications by starting treatment earlier. But the old test method is very expensive and expensive. When I was discouraged from all this."
Stanford University and researchers have applied for patents on microchips, and researchers are also launching a startup that helps get FDA-approved methods and bring them to market, whether in the US or elsewhere in the world. Feldman said: "I hope this technology can meet the needs of the world."
Source: Biopass
Throat Swab refers to a sterilized medical long cotton Swab, dipped in a small amount of secretions from the throat of the person to be tested, and then tested for the virus in the respiratory tract. The detection method is to instruct the patient to open his mouth and make an "ah" sound to fully expose the pharynx, and then use a long cotton swab to wipe the secretions on the pharyngeal and palatine arches and tonsils on both sides. , and seal it for inspection in time. It is best not to use drugs before the test, so as not to affect the test results, the patient may have throat discomfort during the test, which is mostly tolerated. Clinically, throat swabs can be used to detect respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A and B viruses, and novel coronavirus pneumonia. The method is simple to operate, convenient and fast, and can produce results quickly, thereby guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Anal swab,disposable sampler swabs,disposable flocking swabs,medical anal swabs
Jiangsu HXRT MD Co.,Ltd , https://www.jshxrtmed.com