Snowfall is frigid in winter, with short sunshine hours and high haze days. It is not conducive to the growth and flowering of vegetable crops, and the harvesting period is delayed. The vegetable production at this time is mainly concentrated in the solar greenhouse and nursery shed. It is a crucial period for the management of wintering alfalfa vegetables, and it is also a suitable period for sowing vegetable seedlings in early spring next year.
Cultivate young seedlings in early spring next year
■Solanum vegetables such as tomato, eggplant, and pepper. In the middle and mid-December of December, the seedlings were grown in a solar greenhouse with good lighting and heat preservation performance. The seedlings were planted with 50 or 72-hole plugs, and peat and vermiculite were used as substrates. If the ground temperature is lower than 15°C, a geothermal heating line and a temperature controller should be installed to increase the ground temperature. Choose good varieties with early maturity, good quality, and strong disease resistance. Do seed soaking and seed soaking, choose sowing on sunny days, sow every germinating seed for each hole, and sow a seed at 5-6 points on each edge of the plate to make up for seedlings; watering topdressing and increasing light during seedling raising . The general seedling age is 50-60 days, and it is planted in the solar greenhouse in the middle and middle of February.
â– Leafy vegetables such as cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, celery, and lettuce are cultivated in the greenhouse or in small arches in mid-December. Use 128 holes or 72 points plug seedlings, peat, vermiculite as a substrate. During the nursery, watering fertilizer is applied in time to increase light. The general seedling age is 50-70 days, and it is planted in greenhouses or small greenhouses, greenhouses, and other facilities in the period of February-March, and will be supplied to the market in spring.
Solar greenhouses do well in heat preservation
Seriously inspect the insulation condition of the greenhouse's front roof, south foot, back slope, back wall, doorway, rear window, cold-proof ditch and exhaust fan mouth, and measure the time in the greenhouse early in the morning, 10:00, noon, night, etc. The temperature and the temperature of 10 centimeters. Appropriate temperature for tomato and other thermophilic crops is 23°C-30°C during the day, 15°C-18°C at night, and 20°C-22°C for the ground temperature; the suitable temperature for cold-resistant crops such as celery is 20°C-23°C during the day and 10°C during the night- 12 °C, the ground temperature is about 15 °C. For greenhouses where the temperature does not meet the crop growth requirements, cold insulation measures should be taken early for weak insulation locations. The temperature can be increased by using a multi-storage covering method in the shed, covering the double-layer grass rake outside the shed, or holding the insulation. In the event of a short-term extreme cold weather, temporary heating measures such as heating blocks, electric heating furnaces, Yuba light bulbs, and covered grasshoppers should be adopted to avoid freezing damage.
Solar greenhouse daily management Mo relax
■Adjust suitable growth conditions First of all, according to the weather and indoor temperature conditions, timely disclosure, cover, but must adhere to more light, timely release, especially after watering and cloudy days must be a short time ventilation and dehumidification. Tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers and other thermophilic crops can be released at room temperature when they reach 30°C, and at 28°C and at 20°C in the evening. Second, we often wipe the film to increase the light transmittance. Again, according to different crops to adjust the different air humidity, pepper, cucumber and celery and other leafy vegetables suitable air humidity 60% -85%, tomato, eggplant between 45% -55%. In case of cloudy days, dry sawdust, dried rice hulls, dried leaves, and other dry stalks that were prepared in advance should be sprinkled on the surface between the rows to prevent the occurrence of indoor humidity and induce disease.
■Strengthen plant adjustment and fruit management Tomatoes and cucumbers cultivated in winter and long seasons should be planted or continuously replaced to extend the result period. Tomatoes and eggplants should be sprayed with conditioners such as “Feng Yielding Agent No. 2†or “Guo Ning Ning†that are safe for the product. Different concentrations should be adjusted according to the room temperature; tomato should be sprayed when 3-4 flowers per ear are open. Flower treatment. When tomatoes are pollinated using bumblebee pollination or pollinator, they should ensure that the temperature in the shed reaches 18°C, otherwise, other methods should be used to promote fruit setting. Remove excess fruit and malformed fruit as soon as possible. In addition, timely harvesting should be carried out in the best ripening period of the fruit so as to avoid pods.
Scientific watering should be done on a sunny morning, and do not water on a cloudy or snowy day. Using watering methods such as drip irrigation, micro-spraying, or under-membrane irrigation can improve ground temperature and water conservation. In the greenhouse, a reservoir (or water storage tank) is provided to increase the temperature of the irrigation water. When the water is poured, the amount of water should not be too large. The water management should be carried out according to the principles of water-saving pouring and dry-sweetness. Internal air humidity.
â– Rational fertilization According to the characteristics of the crop's fertilizer requirements and plant growth, topdressing can be done to achieve balanced fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements, with special emphasis on the application of potash fertilizer, and to enhance the ability of plants to resist cold. Choose liquid fertilizers that are easy to absorb and have a good effect. Generally, it is top-dressed once every 10-15 days. Each type of drip irrigation is topped with 5-8 kg of water-soluble fertilizer such as “Christmas treeâ€; Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of more than 40% of the fertilization 7-10 kg. Foliage spray fertilizer is applied once every 10 days or so, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed.
â– Timely harvesting should be selected as early as possible on a sunny day. Tomatoes and cucumbers should be harvested as soon as the fruit matures to prevent pods from affecting the plant's continuing results. Picking and storage should be carried out gently. Celery and loose-leaf lettuce can be taken one after another to peel the outer leaves, so that the heart leaves continue to grow, in order to extend the growth period and increase production. Spinach, rape and other root vegetables such as leaves and radish, to improve the quality of the refurbishment, bundled and tidy, improve commodity value.
â– Pest control Low temperature and high humidity are conducive to soil-borne diseases such as gray mold, sclerotinia and eggplant blight, and diseases such as tomato late blight and cucumber downy mildew. In addition, insect pests such as whitefly, aphid, red spider, and spotted fly are also common occurrences. Physical measures were taken to trap adult insects by hanging yellow plates to control the occurrence of pests and diseases. When the above measures cannot be effectively controlled, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides should be used for prevention and control. The method of powder dust spraying and fumigation application should be preferred, and indoor humidity cannot be easily increased. Strict implementation of the safety interval after drug use to ensure product safety.
Sunlight greenhouse snow days matters needing attention
In the snowfall days, the snow on the shed is promptly removed to prevent the melting of snow from reducing its thermal insulation effect on grasshoppers or insulation. After stopping the snowfall and on cloudy days, under the premise of ensuring the temperature in the greenhouse above 12°C, the grasshoppers can be uncovered before and after noon to allow the crops to receive scattered light; in case of a long and chilly sunny weather, the grasshoppers should be hit one at a time. Or heat insulation is rolled in half to prevent the plants from wilting due to strong sunlight; in the snow and cloudy days, no other operations such as top dressing, watering, pruning, fruit thinning, etc. can be performed. For some greenhouses with large spans and poorly-firm skeletons, the scaffolds should be supported and reinforced in time to prevent collapse of the greenhouses when snowing.
Storage autumn vegetable inspection
Vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, radish, scallion, spinach, etc. should be frequently checked for temperature to prevent overheating or freezing, gradually thickening the cover or covering with soil as the outside temperature decreases; the cabbage stored in live cellar takes 10-15 days Pour the dish once and remove the rotten and yellow leaves in time. Close the ventilation holes at a proper time and strengthen ventilation to ensure safe storage of autumn vegetables.
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