The cracking of grapes in production has brought great losses to the farmers. Light fruit loses the value of the commodity, and the wounds of the severe ones are eroded by the pathogens, causing the microbial fermentation of the wound to form acid rot, attracting a large number of fruit flies to erode the fruit wounds, causing pollution to the planting environment, and the smell of the garden is sour, giving the purchaser a kind of Aversion.
The reasons for fruit cracking are as follows:
1. In the early stage of fruit growth, the soil is excessively dry. After entering the coloring period, the water content of the fruit is increased and the osmotic pressure is increased. During this period of time, heavy rain or flooding is caused, and the soil water content increases sharply, which is easy to cause cracking;
2, the arrangement of fruit particles tightly, excessive extrusion will also cause cracking;
3. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer during the growth process, which may lead to annular cracking of the shoulder of the fruit in the later stage;
4, the grape is calcium deficiency.
Calcium plays an important role in the growth of grapes. It is the most absorbed medium and trace element fertilizer except for NPK. Grapes are calcium-loving crops, and the demand for calcium is very large. Calcium deficiency in grapes is easy to cause cracking, aggravating high temperature diseases, such as shrinking fruit disease, reducing fruit firmness and storage and transportation, and also reducing the resistance of grapes to some diseases. After years of painstaking research, Taiwan Longtai Agriculture made some conclusions on the measures of calcium supplementation.
Here are some recommended precautions for experts on grape cracking:
(1) Control the amount of manure used.
(2) Reasonable irrigation to avoid physiological calcium deficiency.
(3) Balanced watering to prevent the fruit from cracking.
(4) Reasonable fruit thinning to avoid squeezing and splitting fruit in the expansion.
(5) Once the cracked fruit is found, the light is removed from the cracked fruit, and the whole season is paid attention to the foliar application of calcium fertilizer. The heavy one uses 40% hexacondiazole 4000 times and ten leaves to sit 1000 times + return 300 times to prevent fruit fly erosion. Effectively avoid the spread of acid rot.
Calcium supplementation of grape science in early spring can significantly reduce fruit cracking, increase fruit firmness and increase the commercial value of grapes. Why do you need calcium supplementation before flowering? Is calcium absorbed only during this time? During the growth of the grapes, calcium is involved in sprouting, spreading, flowering, fruit setting, expansion, color transformation and harvesting. However, because the calcium in the grape is transported from the soil for a long distance, mainly in the xylem, its transport power is transpiration, that is, calcium moves through the transpiration body fluid, while the transpiration of the young part and the fruit is small, and the competition for calcium is weak. In the leaves, in addition to the poor mobility of calcium in the phloem, transport to the new parts and fruits, is the end of the strong. Therefore, the application of calcium fertilizer is mainly based on the application of foliar calcium fertilizer, and the application of calcium fertilizer to the leaves of the flower before flowering is much higher through the absorption and utilization of the young parts of the grapes and the lenticels of the fruits.
However, many farmers have responded that the amount of foliar fertilizer for calcium supplementation has not been beaten every year. Other matters of concern have also been noted, but why can't we solve the problem of cracking fruit?
This is the problem of calcium absorption rate. Because calcium is a high-level metal element in the periodic table of the chemical element, its activity is relatively high. The elemental calcium reacts with water and oxygen at normal temperature, and calcium ions are more likely to react with most acidic substances, for example. The oxalate compounds, carbonate compounds, sulfate compounds in the soil, as well as co2 and water in the air, react to form precipitates, which is not conducive to the transport of calcium ions in plants. The following is a chemical equation for some reactions in calcium in nature: ("↓" means precipitation, and "↑" means gas generation.)
CO2+H2O=H2CO3
Ca2++H2CO3=CaCO3↓+H2↑
SO4(-2)+Ca2+=2CaSO4↓
PO4(-3)+Ca2+=Ca3(PO4)2↓
Calcium can only be absorbed and utilized by plants in the form of ions. Once the reaction occurs, the effect of calcium supplementation is greatly reduced. At present, the world is studying the absorption rate of calcium, and only a few experts have mastered the core technology. After years of painstaking research, Taiwan's Longtai agricultural technology experts have developed Nadubao (calcium plus boron) to solve the problem of calcium transport in plants. Greatly improved calcium absorption and utilization has made a huge contribution to plant calcium supplementation.
(Henan Zhengdao Bio Xiao Yang)
This article URL: Why do grapes need calcium in early spring?
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