All management of apple trees will ultimately be reflected in the flowers and fruits. Producing a sufficient amount of high-quality fruit is the ultimate goal pursued by apple production, so flower and fruit management is very important in apple production. The main contents of apple tree flower and fruit management are: flower promotion, flower preservation, flower thinning, fruit thinning, fruit setting, fruit bagging, color enhancement and suitable harvesting.
Apple thinning and fruit thinning is an important link to achieve high quality and high yield. It is a production measure that artificially mediates the growth of fruit trees. Its role is to mediate the results of large and small years; to improve the commodity rate of fruit; to ensure the health of trees. Thinning is to reduce the consumption of nutrients in the tree by excessive flowers and fruits. It should be sooner rather than later. It is usually said that “early thinning is not as good as early flowering, and early flowering is better than early germination†is to emphasize that early sparseness is better than late.
In areas where the weather is good and the fruit is reliable, it is recommended to “set flowers with flowers†​​(one flower is in place, that is, the flowers are left at the center); and in areas with bad weather and unstable fruit, flowering is promoted (each cluster) Flower center flower and a side flower), late fruit (the end of the fruit within one month after flowering).
Flower thinning method
To determine the appropriate amount of flowers and fruits, that is, there are many methods for suitable loading. Two more practical methods are introduced here.
The dry-week method manages normal, tree-complete, non-aging trees using this method. According to the dry circumference of the middle of the trunk, the number of fruits retained in the whole tree is determined. The formula is: the number of fruits per plant should be: 0.2 dry circumference and dry circumference. For example, the dry circumference of the middle part of the tree is 30 cm, and it is substituted into the above formula. The number of fruits per plant is 0.23030=180 (pieces). In order to prevent accidental injury, an additional 10% insurance factor should be added, and the actual number of fruits per plant: 180+18=198 (pieces).
The distance operation is easy to grasp. Red Fuji apples leave 1 fruit per 25 cm, strong trees and weak branches 25 to 30 cm to leave 1 fruit, and the fruit is evenly distributed. However, it is easy to stay in practice. It is more reasonable to use the dry-week method to determine the total load of the whole tree.
Flower thinning program
Sparse the tree first, then sparse the small tree; first weaken the tree, then sparse the tree; first sparse flowers, fruity extra-trees, then sparse flowers, more fruit trees; first sparsely dry branches, after sparse branching . In a tree, first the upper part, then the lower part; first, the inner sputum, then the outer part; first dredge the flower bud flower and the deformed flower, then the top flower bud flower. In the operation, according to the order, step by step, to prevent leakage.
Thinning flowers and thinning fruit
According to the tree potential and the strong branches, more flowers and fruits are left; the weak ones leave less flowers and fruits; the common trees mostly leave the flowers and fruits on the middle and long fruit branches; the short-branched trees have more short fruit branches with a certain length of the branches, try not to Flowers and fruits of the flower buds.
Leave flowers according to the appropriate load, fruit in the bad weather conditions, sparse flowers, fruit thinning should leave room, generally more than the appropriate retention of 15% to 20% of the insurance factor. When the bag is set, the final result is fixed. Even when the bag is bagged, the amount of fruit set is 5% to 10% more than the appropriate amount. Because the general bagging fruit also has wind and fruit, human touch and fruit loss. At the same time, the fruit should be selected, the center fruit, the large fruit, the terminal fruit, the drooping fruit, and the evenly distributed fruit should be left behind. The fruit, the deformed fruit, the dense fruit, the small fruit or the improperly oriented fruit should be removed to make the fruit on the fruit tree. Moderate and high quality.
In principle, the principle of fruit retention on single plants and single branches is that the backbone branches are less left, and the auxiliary branches are more reserved; the strong branches are more reserved, the weak branches are less left; the inner sputum is less left, and the periphery is more reserved; the top of the backbone branches is less or not left; After the branch group is left behind, it will be retracted and updated later. After the whole tree load is adjusted, carefully review it to prevent leakage.
The fruit branch selection is mainly from 5 to 6 years old. Generally do not leave the "going to the fruit" (called inverted fruit). Because this fruit is easily blown off by the wind, its coloration is limited to the end of the scorpion, and the back of the fruit is easily cracked. In addition, the fruit directly on the fruit branches behind the backbone branches, due to its weak development, less light, poor coloration, should also be eliminated. The flowers and fruits of the buds of the buds are mostly excluded except for the small-year tree or the frozen trees.
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