At present, there are still quite a lot of people raising cattle in China. The most feared thing for cattle farmers is that good cattle can not live, and death is dead. So today we will come together to learn the causes and solutions to the death of milk calves.
1 reason
1.1 Congenital Embryo Diseases Some dairy calves have a stillbirth, a deformed fetus or a weak fetus. The main reason for this is that the parents are inbreeding, the cows are malnourished during pregnancy or other diseases that affect the normal development of the embryo, such as Infectious brucellosis.
1.2 Difficulties in childbirth Due to difficult delivery of cows or improper manual delivery, some diseases of newborn calves, such as suffocation, foreign body pneumonia, limb strain, dislocation, etc., may be caused. After the occurrence of such diseases in newborn calves, they often die due to untimely treatment.
1.3 improper care of newborn yak after leaving the cow, due to improper care, prone to a variety of diseases, such as colds, pneumonia, constipation, diarrhea, umbilical inflammation, urachal fistula and wrist joint injuries. This disease is very likely to cause the death of yaks, and some will have sequelae. Due to improper care, the phenomenon of calf being killed, crushed or frozen by cows has also occurred from time to time.
1.4 Cows pre-natal lack of exercise Pregnant cows due to long-term support, lack of exercise, coupled with feeding environment, limited diet, easy to cause dystocia, resulting in the death of calves. As the farmer said: "There is no movement before production, and production is difficult."
1.5 cows, old, weak, sick, old, weak, sick and disabled, the body is weak, and the production performance is degraded. If the cattle are not able to keep up with the management after the pregnancy, it is easy to have dead tires, weak tires or dystocia.
1.6 Improper feeding Newborn calves grow fast and have a strong metabolic function. If you are hungry during feeding, you will have a meal, the temperature of the milk will rise and fall, and the feeding time will be uncertain. It will easily lead to diarrhea, constipation, etc., such as insufficient breastfeeding or Lack of nutrient nutrition is prone to malnutrition, which makes it slow to grow and develop, has poor physical fitness, low adaptability to the environment, weakened disease resistance, and ultimately leads to death.
2 countermeasures
2.1 Strengthening Breeding Breeding Newborn yak should come from parents with good genetic potential, strong constitution and clear blood relationship. Inbreeding is prohibited, and the gradual degradation of the performance of the improved species and the decrease in the survival rate are prevented.
2.2 Strengthening the feeding management and disease prevention of lactating cows After long-term lactation and pregnancy, lactation has been in a negative balance. Therefore, a 60-day dry period must be guaranteed before delivery to facilitate rest and regeneration of the mammary gland, to meet fetal development needs and to restore the cow's physical strength. During the dry period, it is necessary to limit silage and energy feed to prevent ketonemia or dystocia caused by over-fertilization. In the 15 days before and after childbirth, it is necessary to feed more high-quality roughage, from less to more, and appropriately increase the concentrate to prevent breast edema. Pay attention to the balance of calcium and phosphorus and supplement the salt to prevent the occurrence of breast fever and ecstasy. Only by improving feeding management, ensuring a balanced supply and demand of nutrients, and ensuring the health of cows can the newborn calf be healthy and have a strong vitality.
2.3 Scientific and timely delivery of assisted labor, to ensure that the mother and child should strengthen the observation of the cow before delivery, fully prepare for the assisted delivery, and prevent passive during childbirth. The cow should be pulled into a soft-matured delivery room or in a spacious and hygienic place, and the vulva should be washed with a 0.2% potassium permanganate solution and then wiped dry with a dry, hygienic cloth. The midwife should shave the nails and disinfect them with 1.5% of the solution to prevent scratching and infection. If you have a difficult birth and have no midwifery experience, ask your vet for help. After the baby calf is born, immediately transfer it to a place where the cow can't see it, and quickly wipe the mucus around the mouth and mouth of the calf to avoid inhaling the lungs. In addition, when the umbilical cord is broken, it should be operated normally, and washed with iodine in time to prevent diseases such as inflammation and tetanus.
2.4 Careful care of the cows, appropriate increase in exercise for pregnant cattle to take care of, in the 20 days before the birth, choose sunny days to bring the cows to the outdoors, sun drying, while carefully brushing the body 1 or 2 times a day. In addition, it should be done without feeding mold and preventing abortion.
2.5 Carefully cured yak
2.5.1 Feeding colostrum as soon as possible contains a variety of antibodies, which can give the newborn yak the ability to resist multiple infectious diseases, and is beneficial to promote meconium discharge and strengthen gastrointestinal function. Therefore, the first colostrum must be fed within 90 minutes after delivery, and the amount is between 1.0 and 1.5 kg. To achieve "three fixed": timing, feeding 5 to 6 times / day within 7 days after delivery, feeding once every 3 to 4 hours, then feeding 3 times a day, each interval of 8 hours; fixed temperature, feeding milk yak After disinfection of milk, cool to 35 ° C ~ 37 ° C, do not be too high or low; quantitative, the first day after delivery, the amount of feed is 2 ~ 3 kg, after the daily increase of 0.5 ~ 1.0 kg, the general feed is 5 ~ 6 kg per day . The total amount of feeding during lactation is generally 300-500 kg, depending on the appetite and health of the calf.
2.5.2 Strive for early weaning Early weaning not only reduces costs, but also facilitates the development of yak viscera, especially the digestive organs, enhances disease resistance and increases survival rate. Early weaning method: artificial milk is started about 10 days after birth, gradually replacing the whole milk, and finally completely replaced, and the yak is trained to freely consume the milk substitute. When the calf can take 1.0 to 1.5 kilograms of milk substitute per day to 30 to 40 days of age, it can be weaned.
2.5.3 Ensure that drinking water is practiced 1 week after birth. Method: First mix the appropriate amount of milk with warm water, and induce it to be used. After two weeks, it is changed to normal water.
2.5.4 Supplementary forage feed milk The calf can gradually supplement the corn porridge about 10 days after delivery, and gradually supplement the high-quality soft hay with about 30 days after delivery, and mix with fresh green cabbage leaves, grass, carrot and other green feed to meet Nutritional needs and reduced feeding costs are also conducive to smooth weaning.
2.5.5 Regular exercise should give the calf a free space to ensure that it can move freely for 2 to 3 hours every day to promote physical fitness.
2.5.6 Maintain a good living environment The yak house should always clean the feces, change the bedding, and often sprinkle with some ash or lime to disinfect. Keep the cow house warm in winter and cool in summer, clean and dry, ventilated and airy. The feeding trough should be cleaned before use, kept hygienic, and disinfected once a week to eliminate harmful bacteria in time.
2.5.7 Do a good job in the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases On the basis of routine health care, we should observe carefully, find sick yak in time, and take effective measures to quickly reverse and control the disease to ensure the healthy growth and development of yak.
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