1. It is a crucial period for cultivating a high-yield tree shape after 1 to 3 years of plastic surgery. The densely planted hawthorn garden should use a trunk height of 30 cm, a canopy of no more than 3 m, retain 4 to 5 backbone branches, and cultivate large, medium and small result branches of low-dry, short-crown, less-dry, multi-supported on the backbone branches. The branches of the branches are happy or two-storey. This kind of tree has good ventilation and light transmission, fast forming, short crown and high output. When it is 5 years old, there is still half a meter of space between rows.
In order to make the saplings of the hawthorns rapidly expand the amount of leaves and leaves, it is necessary to grasp the combination of overall crown expansion and local control to promote flowers. The specific method is to extend the head of the short-bone stem; slowly release the Changwang auxiliary branch and some temporary branches; appropriately remove the excessively dense inner branches, cross branches, delicate branches, and competition branches.
After drying, when the new shoots reserved for the backbone branches grow to 40-60 cm in summer, they are all drawn at 70-80 degrees, leaving no central leadership branches. When winter shears are used, each stays 20-40 cm. Short cut. After the germination of the new shoots in the second year, the extension branches of the backbone were pulled into 80 horns in mid-July, and the reserved side branches retained 4 to 6 leaves for continuous topping, promoting branching, and other long branches with a length of 50 cm or more. Also flattened. In the third year, in line with the principle of light-cutting and long-lasting, many branches and more branches, the amount of branches is increased, the tree potential is moderated, and flower buds are formed. In addition, care should be taken to control the upper strength and height of the saplings, without leaving the middle or pulling down the dry, replacing the original head with the developmental branches on the back of the bow. This is repeatedly pulled dry, so that the central branch bends and rises to form a "two-story" canopy, which can make the young branches thin and dense, and the inside and outside see the light, the stereoscopic result.
2. Before fertilization and watering, the soil will be mixed with 4000-5000 kg per mu. After the annual application of 1500-2000 kg of base fertilizer, the early application of the base fertilizer in autumn will be better, usually immediately after fruit harvesting. In addition, it is necessary to regularly topdress the fertilizer, and apply 0.5 to 1 kg of urea per plant before the germination in early spring. At the beginning of June, the 0.3% urea fertilizer solution is sprayed once every 10 days for a total of 8 to 10 times. Watering is generally carried out 6 times a year with key water: thawing water before germination, flowering water before flowering, fruiting water after flowering, fruit juice in the second expansion period of fruit in mid-September, rejuvenation after fruit picking Water and frozen water before wintering. The two waters before and after flowering are the key waters that affect the fruit setting rate.
3. Adopting flower-promoting and fruit-preserving measures Hawthorn saplings generally grow more vigorously. In the third year after planting, they have a certain nutrient area. It is necessary to adopt a mitigation of tree potential, and promote flower and fruit conservation to ensure the early fruit yield of hawthorn young trees.
The more branches and leaves of the saplings, the higher the yield. In summer, the branches of the annual prosperous long branches can induce new shoots, effectively increase the amount of branches and leaves, and overcome the phenomenon of light legs in the back of the branches. At the same time, the pulling branch can play a role in reasonably arranging the position of the branches to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions.
The ringing of the young stalks of the hawthorn can increase the total amount of branches, especially the proportion of fruit branches, and prevent the result of moving out, increasing the fruit setting rate and balancing the tree potential. The trunk, strong and long branches and auxiliary branches and backbone branches can be stripped.
In the short summer, the short branch of Changwang can promote flowers. It can also control the growth of young trees and the removal of the resulting parts. The short period is from late July to the end of August.
Spraying boron fertilizer and boron fertilizer has a good effect on increasing the fruit setting rate. There are two methods of use: one is to open a 15 cm deep radiation ditch under the canopy 10 days before flowering, 150 g of borax is applied to each tree, and the soil is covered with water after application; the second is to spray 0.3% borax plus 0.3% urea solution during flowering. .
Spraying growth regulators spray 30-70 mg/L of gibberellin during the flowering period (larger tree than the weak tree) or spray 1 mg/L of triacontanol, and the saplings have a significant effect on increasing the fruit setting rate. .
Prevention and control of pests and diseases Hawthorn diseases include round rot disease, powdery mildew, etc., mainly pests such as red spider, peach aphid and peach heartworm.
In the prevention and treatment of ring disease, 80% carbendazim 800 times solution was sprayed 1 week after Xiehua, and the fungicide was sprayed once in mid-June, late July, and mid-August.
To prevent and control powdery mildew, spray 5 stone sulphur mixture before germination, spray 50% carbendazim WP 600 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times in flower bud stage and June.
Prevention and control of red spiders and peach aphids in the first half of May to early June, with 20% anti-sweeping oil 2500 ~ 3000 times liquid spray, can control red spiders, peach aphid, pear small heartworm and other pests, and can treat various leaves Hey.
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