The development of medical science has grown by leaps and bounds for a century.
Innovative inventions and scientific research have always been inseparable. Without a large number of technological innovations, medical research will be difficult. Of course, every list of medical innovations is temporary. With the continuous improvement of treatment methods, testing methods and equipment, this list will never end.
In order to highlight the achievements of mankind today, it is necessary to briefly review the medical conditions of the early society. One of the earliest medical innovations in history was tremor drilling. This type of surgery involves drilling a hole in the skull and then releasing the demon to "reduce the pressure" for the brain. This type of surgery was very popular and has archaeological artifacts in Europe, Azerbaijan, China, Siberia and the American continent. In fact, 5-10% of the skulls of thousands of Neolithic periods have traces of trespassing.
At that time, this primitive surgery was likely to be considered an effective and very cutting-edge technique, but later on, other therapies made the burrowing gradually fade out of the historical arena.
Later, anesthesia appeared. Everyone who has had surgery today should thank Joseph Priestley. Because he first proposed the concept of "different gas composition", this will be the first time that the chemist Humphrey Davy first discovered the anesthetic function of nitrous oxide. Unfortunately, the anesthesia technique did not begin to be widely used until several years after the death of Davy in 1829.
Later, Alexander Fleming stumbled upon the story of penicillin in 1928, often seen as a historic advancement in the medical field. Fleming's discovery laid the foundation for modern antibiotics, and as a result, countless patients infected with bacteria are protected from amputation or even death.
Similar examples are too numerous to mention. For the list in this article, we contacted the scientists and medical professionals interviewed over the past few months to ask what their most inventing inventions in the medical field were, and why they thought so.
The following are the results of our selection, no matter what:
Gene editing
Dr. Garry Laverty and his team recently invented a peptide-containing gel at the Queen's University School of Pharmacy in Belfast, Ireland, which is resistant to infection by superbugs. Dr. Laverty believes that the highlight of this invention lies in the CRISPR (clustered regular-interspaced short palindromic repeats) gene editing system. Before the technology came out, modifying genes was a very tedious task.
Genetic modification, which used to be time consuming and expensive, can now be done quickly and easily. The impact of CRISPR on this cannot be ignored. "Nature" magazine once said: "CRISPR is the main reason for the rapid development of biomedical research." Laverty told reporters: "This technology has only been applied to practical research in recent years, because it is much faster than traditional genetic recombination methods, CRISPR. May be an important factor driving the development of gene therapy."
This technique is derived from the mechanism by which bacteria resist viral infection and is catalyzed by the Cas9 enzyme. Cas9 binds to the target gene under the guidance of a guide RNA, and then knocks out or inserts the target sequence. This series of experiments is only about $30, compared to the experimental technology that used to cost thousands of dollars.
Dr. Laverty has high expectations for CRISPR technology; he hopes that one day this technology will allow us to “completely eradicate genetic diseases by knocking out harmful gene sequences... it can insert edited sequences, or go out harmful fragments, So there is the potential to make editing any human gene possible." This is definitely a revolution in the field of molecular biology. Dr. Laverty added: "With more in-depth research, it may be able to treat diseases at the genetic level, including AIDS, cancer and infectious diseases... In the future, CRISPR will turn our own cells into factories that produce medicines."
2. Bedside sequencing (neon DNA vector)
Bedside sequencers will save many lives around the world
The second respondent also focused on the genetic field. Ephraim L. Tsalik from Duhan, North Carolina, USA is an assistant professor at Duke University School of Medicine. He is involved in designing experiments to distinguish between diseases caused by viruses and bacteria.
Tsalik chose bedside sequencing, which is a long-time test procedure in the laboratory to read the DNA sequence in the sample tissue in real time using a hand-held instrument. This instrument will have many uses, from the doctor's office to the depths of the jungle.
The bedside sequencer will quickly collect detailed information from a large number of patients. Treating bacteria or viruses can be easily detected, which reduces the need for unnecessary antibiotics. For diseases like AIDS, the viral dose can be determined immediately and the treatment plan adjusted accordingly.
Tsalik told reporters: "With the development of personalized medicine and precision medicine , the detection method for convenient patient care will show great value."
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