I. Overview
Cabbage, the North also known as oil cabbage. It is one of the main vegetables with the most Chinese characteristics, the most popular, and widely planted in the south of the Yangtze River in China. Due to its variety of types, rich nutrition, various tastes, strong adaptability, and simple cultivation, it is loved by people. With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, Xinjiang, especially Bole, has increasingly demanded Chinese cabbage.
Chinese cabbage is rich in nutrients and contains essential protein, fat, vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium and other minerals and trace elements. In addition, it has certain medicinal value. The regular consumption of oil cabbage can make the human body obtain a full range of nutrients, enhance the ability to prevent pain and disease, and play a good role in health care.
The Chinese cabbage has the characteristics of long supply time. Due to the short growing period and the strict requirements of cultivation conditions, it can be produced as long as the temperature conditions are appropriate throughout the year. It is of vital importance to supply annual vegetables, regulate off-season and improve people’s lives.
Second, early spring cabbage cultivation techniques
Bole City, early spring oil cabbage generally use protective ground nursery, colonization in open field. Spring oil seedlings can be grown in the greenhouse. Nursery period in early March, the planting period in early April, seedling age of 30 to 35 days is appropriate, when the seedlings are 5 to 6 leaves. Seedbed selection, sowing, seeding and seedling management with winter oil cabbage.
The best place for planting is in the leeward sunny area, where 3,000 kg of organic manure is applied per acre. After the deep plowing of the land, the plutonium will be plowed, the praying mantle will be 1.5 meters wide, and 30-40 centimeters wide for the pressure between the two ravines. Membrane, or every 4 to 5 retention of a membrane groove. When the nighttime temperature is basically stable above 0°C, it can be planted. Planting options were warmer and windless weather. The seedbeds were watered the day before planting. The plants were planted on the same day with small soil pickings. The plant spacing was 10-15 cm, and the plants were watered immediately after planting. On the day of colonization, the membrane was covered and a small arch was added. Since the city of Bole was cold and windy in spring, the membrane must be tightly pressed. About 15 days after the planting, the weather began to spread out depending on the weather; another ten days or so, the film can be peeled off. After that, we must pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, timely cultivating, fertilizing, and watering to promote rapid growth. Planting can be harvested according to market demand after 30 days of planting.
Winter and spring lettuce production technology
The short period of growth of Chinese cabbage can not only produce adult vegetables with a weight of 200 to 300 grams, but also produce tens of grams of seedlings. The cultivation methods are flexible. In the winter, it is possible to produce a fast-growing Chinese cabbage during the dumping season; in the early spring, it is necessary to plant a pickle cabbage before solanaceous and melon plants are planted. General winter production in greenhouses, early spring in March in greenhouses or plastic greenhouses, in April in small sheds, greenhouses or open fields, usually made flat, drill or sowing, during this period the seeding rate can be slightly thinner than seedbed species, per acre seed species 1, 5-2 kg, film coverage after sowing. Real leaves come out after the seedlings, the season does not need to grow into a large plant, so the density can be larger, usually 6? 8 cm to stay a side. After the seedlings continue to cover the film growth, harvest before harvest.
III. Comprehensive Prevention and Control Techniques for Main Diseases and Pests of Chinese Cabbage
(I) Prevention and treatment of main diseases of Chinese cabbage
1. Chinese cabbage downy mildew
(1) Hazards and Diagnosis. The main damage leaves. When the seedlings develop, the leaves turn yellow and dead, and the white leaves on the back of the leaves. The edge of the lesion was not obvious, and white mold was produced on the back of the lesion when it was wet.
(2) The law of occurrence. The seed carrier rate is low. The oospore in the diseased body is an important source of initial infectious bacteria. The temperature is 8 to 16°C, and the air relative humidity is above 98%. The onset is rapid. Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and high field humidity are important causes of downy mildew.
(3) Control methods. Reference cabbage downy prevention and treatment methods.
(II) Chemical control of main insect pests in Chinese cabbage
1. cabbage butterfly
The 5 to 7 days after the spawning period is a critical period for the control of spraying. The available pharmaceuticals are: 40% dimethoate EC 1000-l500x, 50% phoxim EC 1000 to 1500x, 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 3000-4000 times solution, 20% fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times solution, 2.5% kungfu emulsifiable concentrate 3000-4000 times solution, etc. Due to irregularities in generations, it requires continuous prevention and treatment 2-3 times. Different agents should be used in turn to slow the development of drug resistance.
Currently available insect growth regulators and reference concentrations for spraying are: stuck 5% dispersible solution 1000-2000 times solution, inhibit Taibao 5% emulsifiable solution 1000-2000 times solution, Huangni San 5% emulsifiable concentrate 1000-2000 Diluent, 20% diflubenzuron suspension 500 to 1000 times liquid, 20% enerbrair WP 2000? 3 coffee lotion, 25% diflubenzuron 3 suspension 1000 times.
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