I. Phenophase: New shoot growth period, dormancy period, flower bud differentiation period II. Center work: pruning, keeping shoots, fertilizing, controlling winter shoots, promoting flower bud differentiation III. Main diseases and pests: Anthrax, Phytophthora capsici, ulcer disease , scale insects, cockroaches, leaf miners, and soot disease IV. Related technical measures:
(a) hanging fruit trees
1, after the fruit is harvested without fertilizer to be applied in time, each plant 100-150 pounds of manure water, urea 0.5-1.0 kilograms, potassium chloride 0.5 kilograms, this fertilizer can be applied at the same time with the manure, can restore the tree vigor, It can also promote the growth of autumn shoots, which is conducive to flower bud differentiation and plays an important role in the next year's high yield.
2, after the first autumn shoots mature (in the middle of September) each plant applies 0.5-0.7 kg of urea, to promote the autumn shoots and timely mature, not to put the second autumn shoot may not Shi.
3. Method: The soil in the tree tray is loose, within the outer edge of the canopy, in the range of 0.5 meters away from the main trunk; the soil in the tree tray is hardened, and the canopy is applied on both sides of the canopy. The depth of the groove is 20-30 cm, and the width is 20 -25 cm, 1.5-2.0 meters long, and then covered with soil.
4. Pruning: It is an important means to harmonize vegetative growth and reproductive growth. It balances crown growth, maintains a reasonable tree shape, minimizes the consumption of branches and non-productive branches, and regulates the distribution of branch shoots in the tree canopy. A certain spatial position allows the tree canopy to be airy and transparent, reduce pests and diseases, ensure high and stable yields, and improve fruit quality. Specific pruning methods:
A tall tree with a height of about 3 meters and an upright branch with vigorous growth are sparsely cut from the base or branches with weak branches. The short branches in the lower part of the canopy need to be shortened to promote the medial malleolus and the middle and lower branches. Tip growth; dense peripheral branches of the tree crown, sparsely cutting a portion of weak branches, adjusting the spatial position of the branch shoots, allowing the crown to be airy and light-permeable, pruning degree: "blotched" sunlight in the crown, 30% natural light in the lowest part of the inner temporal lobe rate. In general, it is necessary to control the rapid growth of the tree height and the crown diameter.
2 Tree height, crown diameter of about 4 meters of the tree focus on the regulation of vegetative growth and the basic balance of results, control of tree height and crown growth slowly. Vertically retract 1-2 tallest larger branches each year, cut caliber 2-4 cm, drop 1-2 branching levels, large vacancies, and leave piles to shoot; leggy branches outside the crown are weak from the base or weak Branches are cut off and sparsely sheared. The lower part of the canopy and the medial malleolus are torn off too many weak branchlets and severe diseased branches and branches. When local branches are degraded due to excessive results and other reasons, local shoot renewal is promoted by retraction or shortening.
3Trees with a tree height and a crown diameter of 5 meters or more are appropriately dwarfed by the tree crown. Vertically, the largest growing 1-3 large branches are retracted in each vertical direction, and the number of 1-3 branches is decreased. Horizontal 1-4 retractions are observed each year. Big branches, keep piles updated;
(4) The pruning of the recession tree will promote vegetative growth through prune, with long branches and leaves as the main, reducing the flowering results, restoring the tree vigor as soon as possible and then producing a large number of results.
5 After pruning, care should be taken to protect the new shoots, leave them in time, and remove excess shoots.
(b) The young result tree is mainly to expand the canopy, so that the tree structure is distributed reasonably, which lays a good foundation for a large amount of fruiting next year.
(3) Tips for tipping and tipping, 25 kg of manure water per plant, also foliar spraying Dr. Lu 40 ml + 6 g of active cytokinin or 17 g Aerosol brand foliar fertilizer plus 3 ml fast harvesting water 30 The even spraying of the pounds caused the new shoots to be neat and tidy, and insisted that “one tip, two drugs and two fatsâ€.
(D) November-December, the whole park deep-turning to improve soil, and open the ring ditch, and then strain farmyard fertilizer 10-20 kg, 0.5-1 kg of potassium fertilizer, 0.5-1 kg of phosphate fertilizer, improve soil physical and chemical structure, increase organic matter The content. The deep turning of the soil can also inhibit the winter shoots germination, but the phenomenon of "winter warming" has already taken out the winter shoots with manual removal or 40% ethephon 11 milliliters plus the long time 12 grams of water 30 pounds to kill green shoots that have not turned green. Control the winter shoots, timely supplement organic leaf fertilizers such as Dr. Lu, nucleic acid nutrition, and promote plant flower bud differentiation.
(v) Use pond mud, turf mud, new soil, etc. to cultivate soil and trim the orchard drainage and irrigation ditch.
(6) Pest control:
1, with Sapphire 800 times + quick 800 times spray to prevent anthrax and ulcer disease.
2. Use 600 times of frost epidemic or 800 times of blue flame spray to prevent the occurrence of Phytophthora capsici.
3, disease prevention at the same time together with the use of pesticides, can be used Avi high chlorine, high chlorine Xin, Yongke, good spirits, Gao Jie and other spray.
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