The cultivar of the cherry tree has many tall trees, strong growth potential, strong dryness and obvious layering. The following technical problems should be noted in the management of cherries close planting.
1. Design of planting density. The cherry trees are densely planted, and the plant spacing is generally 1.5 m 3 m, 2 m 3 m, 2 m 3.5 m, etc. The selection of planting density mainly considers that the tree body can occupy space reasonably after forming; it is easy to pruning, spraying, picking, weeding and fertilizing , the passage of small-scale agricultural tools; the level of their own management and other factors.
2. Selection of seedlings and configuration of pollination trees. Planting seedlings is best to use two-year-old finished high-quality seedlings, and the rootstock must be suitable for dense planting seedlings, in order to facilitate rapid forming, early results, and easy control of the tree.
After selecting the main planting varieties, we must pay attention to the rational allocation of pollination trees, because the cherry trees have poor self-cultivation ability, and some varieties are self-small. The number of pollination trees should be determined according to the self-flowering ability and planting area of ​​the main varieties. Generally, the ratio to the main varieties is 1:3 or 1:4. In addition, the allocation of pollination trees must be considered in the same pollination and flowering period as the main pollen varieties.
3. Determination of the shape of the tree and cultivation methods. In the densely planted cherry orchard, the tree shape generally chooses the trunk shape, the small crown sparse layer shape, the natural happy shape, etc., and the production management should be reasonably determined in combination with the ground force conditions, water and fertilizer supply conditions, and management technology level. At present, the densely planted cherry orchard mainly adopts a trunk-shaped tree shape, and the cultivation direction is preferably planted in the north and south rows, and the mountain terrace planting can be planted along with the topographical block. For the management of the trunk-shaped tree shape, it is generally planted in the southwest direction with a slanting angle of 45 degrees when planting, which is beneficial to alleviate the tree potential, promote the germination and uniformity of the branches, achieve the best sunshine conditions and prevent sunburn.
4. Control of fertilizer water and temperature. In the sapling stage, the cherry tree is more like hi-water, but in a growth cycle, it is necessary to ensure sufficient supply of fertilizer and water in the early stage of growth. After the growth period, that is, after August, the application of water and fertilizer must be strictly controlled, especially the control of nitrogen fertilizer. To ensure that the new shoots are not prosperous, slow down the growth rate of new shoots, and promote the development of new shoots to facilitate the wintering and the moderate development of the tree.
In the result, the cherry tree needs to consume a large amount of nutrients during the flowering and fruiting period. It is necessary to apply sufficient amount of quick-acting fertilizer before and during the flowering period to increase the fruit setting rate and promote fruit development. For example, after applying the compound fertilizer, 0.2% to 0.3% of urea can be sprayed 2 to 3 times after germination to fruit coloring; 0.2% to 0.3% of borax can be sprayed 1 to 2 times during the flowering period to increase the fruit setting rate; In the solid color period, a 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed 2 to 3 times to color the fruit, thereby improving the taste and flower bud differentiation.
The temperature control is mainly in the cultivation of cherry tree facilities. Generally, it should be controlled between 17 and 19 °C during the flowering period. This is conducive to the normal flowering of flowering. When the flowering temperature exceeds 23 °C, the temperature requirement of fruit setting cannot be reached.
5. Reasonable use of various pruning methods.
(1) Pulling branches. The pulling time is mainly when the cherry trees are trimmed in winter, and the main branches are pulled according to the different requirements of the selected tree shape. The main branch or auxiliary branch of the main trunk of the densely planted cherry garden is generally horizontal, and the main branch of the happy or small crown is generally drawn at an angle of 60 to 70 with the center. The other side branches or auxiliary branches, the resulting branches are drawn horizontally. This is beneficial to the bud sprouting evenly, alleviating the tree potential and forming flower buds early.
(2) Carved buds. The carved buds are generally carried out after trimming the branches in winter. The carved buds mainly focus on the bare branches of the shoots. The purpose of the buds is to promote the shoots, to alleviate the growth potential of the shoots, and to rationally arrange the space of the trees. The bud is usually a small hacksaw, and a saw is cut 0.5 cm above the bud to reach the xylem. The spacing of the engraved buds is generally about 20 cm. The buds on the sides or under the sides of the drawn branches are budded. The buds at the top of the branches are not budded at 20 to 30 cm, and the buds are not budd on the backs of the branches.
(3) Thinning. The cherry tree is pruned, and the sapling period is basically only unobstructed. Generally, the dense branches, long branches, diseased branches, and extended head competition branches are removed. According to the growth characteristics of strong cherry tree, strong dryness, strong budding power and weak branching ability, thinning branches are beneficial to alleviate the tree potential, forming the result branches very early, forming flower buds, and preventing the branches that have formed flower buds from being short. After the stimulation, the flowers cannot be placed.
(4) Short cut. Cherry trees use less short-cut techniques for pruning in younger ages. Generally, only short extensions are needed for extended heads that need to expand space, while short-cut methods are used in the renewal of fruit trees or old trees. According to the growth characteristics of cherry trees, we should use short cuts in production, especially young trees. Once the trees are too short, the tree is difficult to control.
(5) Topping. Topping is a very important method in the management of cherry trees. When the new shoots grow to 5-10 cm, it is necessary to pick the hearts in time and repeat the toppings to facilitate the formation of the resulting branches and promote the flower buds. However, the trunk and main branch extension heads and the branches used for renewal do not use the topping technique.
The above-mentioned management measures and techniques for cherry trees should be rationally and comprehensively applied, and the effects and purposes of premature production, high yield, and excellent fruit can be achieved in production, and it is hoped that it will provide certain guidance or reference significance in production practice.
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