A suitable cultivation period is one of the keys to ensuring successful cultivation. The cultivation time is too early, the outside temperature is low, and the strain is not easy to germinate; too late, it is impossible to complete the color change and summer. In North China, the suitable cultivation period is from March 15th to April 5th. After mid-March, the average outside temperature has risen above 13°C, which is conducive to the germination and colonization of the species. During this period, the air is dry, the number of environmental bacteria is small, and the rate of cultivation into bags is high.
Second, the choice of suitable varieties
In order to obtain high-yield and high-quality mushrooms, it is important to select the appropriate varieties. In North China, the strains of shiitake mushrooms suitable for spring cultivation of bags are 939, Wuxiang No. 1, Yufeng No. 1, L-26, 9015 and so on.
Third, mushroom spring planting technology
1. Culture material formula 1 85% wood chips, 13% skin, 2% gypsum, pH value 8-8, material: water = 1:0.7-0.9. 2 wood chips 83%, cottonseed shell 10%, bran 5%, gypsum 2%, pH 8 ~ 8.5, material: water = 1: 0.8 ~ 0.9.
2, the choice of cultivation bags spring planting mushrooms to produce fresh mushrooms, the cultivation bag should be selected from 20 to 22 cm wide, 50 to 55 cm long, 5 wire high density polyethylene plastic bags. The outer bag is made of high-density polyethylene plastic bag with a width of 22 to 24 cm, a length of 55 to 60 meters, and a thickness of 1.5 to 2 wires.
3. After the preparation of the sterilized culture material, it should be charged immediately, so that the ingredients on the same day, finished on the same day, and sterilized on the same day, the following matters should be paid attention to the loading: 1 loading should be tight and evenly moderate; 2 tie It is important to prevent air leakage; 3 wipe the bag mouth before the tie; 4 gently handle it to prevent the eye from breaking. Immediately after the material is loaded, it should be sterilized. Sterilization is an extremely important part of mushroom cultivation. The thoroughness of sterilization is directly related to the success or failure of cultivation.
4. The bacteria bag that has been cooled and inoculated is transferred into the inoculation room. When the temperature of the bag drops to about 35 °C, put the strain and the tools used into the inoculation room, close the doors and windows, and disinfect with formaldehyde for 8 to 10 hours. And then rigorously vaccinated as required.
5, the bacteria bag after inoculation management is in a trapped shape, stacking 5 to 6 layers, the first 15 days after inoculation, the indoor temperature should be maintained above 18 ° C, not more than 28 ° C, to facilitate the rapid germination of bacteria Colonization. When the colony grows to 8 to 10 cm, one end of the outer bag can be unsealed, and 25 days after inoculation, the outer bag is removed to perform the first puncture and aeration. After the pricking hole is aerated, the growth rate of the hyphae is accelerated, and the temperature of the bag is increased. It is necessary to pay attention to the temperature drop of the pile, and strictly prevent the pile from being piled up, and the second puncture hole is added for 10 days. Under normal circumstances, the bag can be filled 40 to 45 days after inoculation, and the tumor is produced after 45 days, and the color change ends in the middle of June.
6. After the bacteria bag completes the color change, it will enter the summer management in late June and end in late August. The key to summer is to reduce the temperature of the bacteria bag as much as possible and maintain the activity of hyphae. Pay attention to the following points in the management of summer: 1 keep the culture room cool, no more than 30 °C; 2 keep the chamber dry and ventilated; 3 prohibit direct sunlight from the bacteria bag; 4 evacuate the bacteria rod as much as possible, the bacteria stick is △ The shape is placed, the stack height is no more than 4 layers, and the conditional place is better to use a single shelf.
7, mushroom management When the maximum outside temperature does not exceed 28 ° C, you can carry out soaking mushrooms. The mushrooming time in North China is generally in early September, and the mushrooming site can adopt a three-dimensional shading mode. After the summer, the water will evaporate and the fungus will become hard. When the first soaking is carried out, the water immersion time should be kept for 20 to 24 hours to soften the fungus, and the mushroom can be produced. Due to the high temperature outside the mushroom, the fruiting body of the mushroom grows rapidly, and it can be harvested every 15 to 20 days. By the beginning of December, the mushroom is basically finished.
8. When the autumn harvesting mushroom fruit body matures, it should be harvested at the right time. It should not be premature or too late. The specific harvesting standard is: when the mushroom cover is separated from the stipe, it is harvested immediately. At this time, the mushroom weight is sufficient. The meat is thick, the value of the commodity is high, and the nutrient of the culture material is not excessively consumed.
Fourth, supplement fertilizer to increase the growth of mushrooms depends on nutrition, and second on moisture, so in the whole stage of mushrooming, each time after the mushroom is added to the water, after the mushroom is three times, combined with hydrating water, it is good for the high yield of mushrooms. effect. The fat-reducing formula is 0.5 kg of urea, 0.1 kg of citric acid or 1500-2000 times of turmeric for every 200 bags of mushroom sticks.
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