After entering late July, summer maize in most parts of our province is in a critical period of vegetative growth to reproductive growth and transformation, and is very sensitive to climate factors such as light, fertilizer, water, heat, and gas. In order to prevent the occurrence of high-temperature heat damage in summer maize, on July 21st, Henan Expert System Group of Maize Industry Technology System issued early warning and technical guidance on high-temperature heat damage to summer corn. He is the chief expert of Henan Maize Industry Technology System and a professor at Henan Agricultural University. Chen Yanhui explained this in detail.
Chen Yanhui pointed out that the damage degree of high temperature heat damage is different due to different varieties, different sowing dates, and different water and fertilizer management measures. Therefore, to prevent the occurrence of high temperature heat damage, the following points should be made:
1. Grasp and judge the ability of corn varieties to resist heat and heat. Focusing on the characteristics of the tassels observed in the field, the size of the pollen was judged from the length of the tassel, the number of branches, and the fullness of the glume. Tassels are less branched, shorter, less full of pollen, usually less pollen, short loose powder cycle, and slightly less heat-resistant heat damage. According to the experience of last year, the Zhengdan 958 cultivar had stronger resistance to heat and heat, while the Xianyu 335 cultivar had relatively weaker resistance.
2. According to the sowing date and growth condition, predict the loose powder period. Timely to the field to observe whether their corn powdering period is in the high temperature and dry period from July 24th to 30th. If the variety is not only susceptible to high temperature and heat damage, but also during the period of high temperature and drought in loose powder, it is necessary to take preventive measures.
3. Take necessary measures such as irrigation and artificial assistant pollination. Watering according to soil moisture and ground temperature in time to ensure the moisture demand of corn in bulk silking stage, reduce the field temperature, maintain the plant water at a reasonable level, and facilitate pollination and fertilization; if there is no irrigation condition, it can be relatively cool in the early morning. Artificially assisted pollination was conducted by artificial shaking of the plants to allow the pollen to fall onto the filaments as soon as possible, and pollination was ensured before the pollen was inactivated to ensure that the ear was fertilized and expanded.
Chen Yanhui reminded that in recent years, the potential for increasing yield of the Xianyu 335 cultivars has been widely recognized, and the planting area of ​​red cultivars, deep grains, and rapid dehydration has increased year by year. However, these species usually have less branches, less developed, less pollen, and short loose powder cycles, and are more vulnerable to high temperature heat damage and flowering rain. Therefore, the broad masses of peasants must observe the fields more, have a certain understanding of the characteristics of the varieties of tassels, pay attention to air temperature and drought conditions during loose dust, and take effective measures to avoid the impact of high temperature and heat damage on the yield.
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