Red bean is a product of both food and medicine, and has the effect of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney. So how do you cultivate cowpeas in an energy-saving solar greenhouse? Varieties with strong growth potential, low light tolerance, low temperature resistance, disease resistance, high yield and long production cycle should be selected. Let's take a look at the whole cultivation techniques of this method.
First, cultivate strong seedlings
The seedling transplanting of cowpea can be more than 10 days in the morning market, and the yield is increased by 30%. The greenhouse cultivation is mostly carried out by using nutritious soil or nutrient seedlings, and the seedling age is 25~30 days.
1.1 Seed treatment: 2 days of drying, selective removal of impurities, broken particles, small particles, smashed seeds. Soak it in warm water at 30 °C for 10~12 hours before sowing (the water is swollen with water), then soak it for 3000 minutes with 3000 times 96% Tiandang or 500 times carbendazim solution and sow.
1.2 Sowing: 3~5 seeds are planted in each nutrient block. Firstly, the small earth hole of 2~3 cm deep is dug in the center of the clod. After the seed is placed, the cover is covered with soil, and the cover soil is 2 cm above the soil surface. Buckle the small arch shed, cover the insect net and add the old film, shade, rain and prevent insects from entering the locust.
1.3 Seedbed management
Temperature management: the daytime temperature before emergence is 25~30°C, the night temperature is 18~22°C, the mulch is removed in the morning immediately after emergence, and the temperature is adjusted to the daytime temperature of 20~28°C, the night temperature is 15~23°C, and the week before planting. Cooling and refining, the temperature is 18~23°C during the day and 10~15°C at night. If the temperature is higher than the appropriate temperature, the well water or the shade net can be cooled in the sand layer at the bottom of the nutritive block. If you use the front of the greenhouse to raise seedlings, you can cool down.
Inter-Miao: After the seedlings are out, 2~3 seedlings with uniform growth are left in each block, and the remaining seedlings are cut off with scissors.
Second, colonization
The seedlings grow a compound leaf. When the seedling age is about 25 days, it is planted. 5~7 days before planting, the seedbed is sprayed and watered and cut into pieces.
When planting, choose sunny day morning, open a hole on the “M†shaped soil ridge, the average hole distance is 30 cm, the front part of the greenhouse is 25 cm, the middle part is 30 cm, and the back part is 35~40 cm. Small row spacing 40~50 cm, large row spacing 70~80 cm, depth 10 cm. After watering, put the seedlings and gently press it so that the top of the soil is flush with the ridges. After the water seepage, water again 500 times carbendazim 1000 The drought-fed sputum collection liquid, or 5000 times 96% Tianda carbendazim 1000 times drought-fed phlegm collection liquid, 150~200 ml per hole, improves soil, promotes root development, and prevents root disease. At noon the next day, after the temperature of the hole is raised, the hole is sealed, combined with sealing the hole, and 10 to 20 grams of enzyme bacteria are applied to each hole, or 30 grams of biological bacterial fertilizer, which is finely smeared and covered with a film.
Third, management after planting
3.1 Watering the seedlings and spraying the water to promote the strongness: 3~5 days after planting, the seedling water should be poured once, the amount of water should be small, not too much. At the same time, the seedlings should be sprayed once and 1000 times to help the stems grow. After 3 days, loosen the soil of the ridge and make it soft and breathable to promote root development.
3.2 Pay attention to prevent low temperature hazard and improve the plant's resistance to stress: promote hair roots, strong roots, enhance leaf photosynthesis, improve plant drought resistance, freeze resistance (cold), disease resistance, protect plants and improve yield.
3.3 Introduction of vines: Like the cucumber, pull the No. 14 wire in the north-south direction of the room. Each line of cowpeas has a small line spacing of 40 cm. The wire is hanged on the wire, 1~2 per pier, the upper end is on the wire, and the lower end is the root of the cowpea root, and the vine is put on the shelf.
3.4 Adjustment of branches: The lower side buds of the first inflorescence of the main vines are removed early. When the main vine grows to 1.3~1.5 m, the top core is removed, the lateral vines are promoted, and the inflorescences are promoted to facilitate the formation of flowers and early pods. In the upper stalk of the main vine, if the axillary buds are mixed with the buds, the lateral branches of the axillary buds are removed in time. If only the axillary buds sprout between the main vines, leave 2~3 leaves to pick the heart.
3.5 Temperature management: daytime temperature after planting is 25~30°C, night temperature is 16~20°C, daytime temperature is 20~28°C after 3 days, night temperature is 14~18°C, and ventilation is minimized during the winter solstice to facilitate temperature increase and daytime temperature. 20~34°C, night temperature 10~18°C, before and after the spring equinox, strengthen ventilation, the temperature gradually drops to 20~28°C during the daytime, and the night temperature is 14~18°C.
3.6 Fertilizer and water management: After pouring the seedling water, the large ditch (operation line) can be carefully digging to promote the development of the root system, and the grass is covered in the back ditch. After that, the watering is controlled until the pod is re-watered. If the soil is dry and the air humidity is too low, affecting flowering and pod formation, you can pour a small water at the initial flowering stage, but spray it 1~2 days before watering, spray a 15% paclobutrazol 4000 times solution to prevent stems. Prosperous, induces falling flowers.
After the pod is set, watering and topdressing will be started. Watering will be done once every 10~15 days. Combined with watering and topdressing, once every 20~30 days, each time the ditch is used to apply 0.5~1 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer, or per ditch can be applied to the decomposed manure. Dilute 5 kg, or potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 0.3 kg.
About 10 days before the winter solstice, apply organic fertilizer in the operation line (in the large ditch), and apply 40~50 kg of high-quality ring fertilizer per ditch. Note that the topdressing, digging, watering, and laminating operations must be carried out simultaneously during the top dressing, and should be carried out when the tuyere is opened on a sunny morning. After that, the watering is properly controlled, and the watering is strengthened after warming up. Generally, water is poured every 7~15 days, and the fertilizer is chased by water.
Fourth, pest control
The main diseases of cowpea are leaf spot, rust, virus disease, leaf mold, Fusarium wilt. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be adopted: implementation of crop rotation; deep cultivation of land, ditching for cultivation; rational fertilization, not applying nitrogen fertilizer; timely scaffolding, pruning, strengthening ventilation and light; diseased leaves and diseased plants should be removed in time to improve field cleaning. For rust, spray with 1500 times of rust WP 1500 solution; spray 200 times solution of leaf spot disease with Bordeaux mixture or 50% thiophanate 1000 times solution. Fusarium wilt was sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution.
V. Harvesting
Cowpeas are eaten with tender pods and harvested one after another. They should be harvested in time. They should be harvested before the seeds are swollen. If the seeds are harvested too late, the seeds will expand and the pods will age. Not only will the nutrients be consumed, but the quality will be reduced. Affect the increase in production. Each inflorescence of cowpea can grow 2~5 pairs of flower buds, with sufficient fertility and proper technical measures. Each pair of flower buds can form 1 pair of pods, and each inflorescence can sit 6~8 pods. Therefore, care must be taken not to damage the remaining flower buds when harvesting, and not to remove the inflorescences, so as not to reduce production.
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