First, drying seeds
Sunning is beneficial to increase the germination potential of the seeds. Select the sunny day before soaking seeds, pour the seeds on the concrete floor, evenly spread it to 3-4 cm thick, and turn it over and over, so that the seeds are evenly exposed to light, generally 1-2 days. Be careful not to puncture the seed coat when turning the seed. Increase the number of seed flips when the sun is high.
Second, the selection
Seed selection can further remove the glutinous rice, diseased grains, etc., so that the seeds reach a full degree of fullness, so as to ensure that the seedlings grow neatly and consistently. Two methods are usually selected using water and brine. The key to the selection of brine is to mix the appropriate proportion of salt water. The specific gravity is 1.10-1.13. The specific preparation method is: 100 kg of water and 20-25 kg of salt. After mixing and dissolving, it can be measured by specific gravity. It is appropriate to put fresh eggs in the solution to reveal a 5-point coin size.
Third, soaking seeds
The purpose of adhering to the soaking of pesticides is mainly to kill the bacteria carried by rice seeds. The main diseases of rice seed transmission include mite disease, rice blast, rice smut, bacterial blight, and stripe leaf blight spread by gray planthopper in seedling stage. At present, commonly used soaking agents include "bacteria" and "imidacloprid". There are three main points to be mastered.
First, the amount of medicine and the amount of water. Use 1.5 ~ 2 packets (20 grams) of fungus to add 10% imidacloprid 10 grams, the two agents first mixed, add a small amount of water to make a paste, then add 8 kg of water, evenly diluted.
Second, the amount of rice seeds and the amount of liquid medicine: 5 to 6 kg of the rice seeds that have been sun-dried, immersed in a mixed liquid solution of 8 kg of bacteria and imidacloprid, and turned up and down several times, and the seed soaking container needs to be covered. And placed in a cool and dark place. If the number of rice seeds to be immersed in the same container is large, the pharmaceutical liquid may be formulated in the above ratio.
Third, soaking time and temperature: soaking seeds for 60 hours (three nights and two days) at an average daily temperature of 18 to 20 ° C, and soaking seeds for 48 hours at 23 to 25 ° C. General soaking before the end of May, requires full immersion for 60 hours in early June began sowing enough to be soaked for 48 hours leaching time is the key to ensure sufficient efficacy.
When the length of soaking time may be water based seed suction foot, which is a standard transparent chaff, rice white belly visible, rice husk frangible stripped without sound, can be crushed by hand, indicating that the seed which has absorbed enough water. Generally about 2-3 days. Soaking After washing does not have to be directly primed.
Fourth, germination
Germination is a process of artificially creating suitable water, gas and heat conditions to promote the concentrated and neat germination of rice seeds. Under the same conditions, the germination germination is faster than the germination of the seedlings for more than 3 days, and the seedlings are neat and uniform, and the seedlings are increased by 5%-10%. Therefore, no matter which breeding method is adopted, it should be germinated and then sown. The rice seeds can be germinated after being strictly sterilized and fully immersed in the water.
The main technical requirements for germination are: “fast, uniform, uniform and strongâ€. "Fast" means to germination quickly, germination in 2 days, which takes 24 hours to break the chest, about 12 hours for moderate temperature germination; "Qi" is to achieve more than 90% of the rice varieties to reach the germination standard; "even" is The roots and buds are neat and consistent; "strong" means that the young shoots are thick and strong, and the roots and buds are proportionately long; the color is bright white, the smell is fragrant, and there is no wine.
The basic technical link of germination is "high temperature breaking chest, moisturizing germination, low temperature hanging bud"
1, broken temperature chest.
When the embryo breaks through the chaff, it is called a broken chest. After the seeds have absorbed enough water, the appropriate temperature is the main condition for the quick and neat break. Within the upper limit of 38 ° C (ie, the highest maximum temperature should not exceed 38 ° C), the higher the temperature, the stronger the physiological activity of the seed, and the faster and more tidy the chest. On the contrary, the chest is slow and not neat, and it is easy to form large and small seedlings after sowing. Put the seeds that have enough moisture into the warm water of about 50 °C (not hot hand) for 5-10 minutes (increasing energy), immediately wrap the seeds with wet sacks after watering, and cover the straw with insulation (sacks) The role of straw is to breathe, keep warm, moisturize), the rice will soon heat up, the temperature should be kept at about 35 °C, touch the seeds by hand half a day, not hot. Can not be wrapped with plastic cloth, plastic woven bag, nylon bag, because of its poor gas permeability, it is easy to cause seed hypoxia (there is a lot of oxygen to breathe when the seed breaks the chest), produce alcohol, cause seed poisoning and death.
After the temperature rises, the rice should grasp the temperature of the top and bottom of the grain pile, and if necessary, turn over the mixture to make the rice evenly heated, and promote the chest to be neat and tidy. Usually 12-24 hours can break the chest.
2. Moisturizing and germination: When the white buds are exposed, it is the easiest to burn buds. Immediately lower the temperature to below 28 °C. As long as it does not exceed 30 °C, it will not burn. After the chest is sprouted, the straw is removed, the temperature of the hotbed is controlled at 25-28 degrees, and the humidity is maintained at about 80%. The standard tooth can be evoked after about 12 hours. When the bud is half a grain and the root is a grain. You can achieve the germination requirement by sowing. The seedling germination standard of the machine transplanted rice is suitable for whitening or bud length of 2 mm.
3, low temperature dry bud: because the budding is carried out at a higher temperature, this temperature is generally higher than the current temperature. Stirring the buds to make the buds get exercise, enhance the adaptability of the buds to the external environment after sowing, enhance the resistance of the buds and improve vitality. Generally, after the germination is promoted, the indoors will be set to dry, and the seedlings will be smelted at a natural temperature for one day.
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