Abalone is a valuable marine product. In recent years, artificial abalone cultivation in China has developed rapidly. The main breeding models include factory culture, floating raft breeding, and sowing. The caisson culture mode is a new type of abalone breeding mode recently emerged. In 1999, the Aquatic Bureau of the Haicheng District of Beihai City carried out the test of caisson culture of abalone in Weizhou Island of Beihai City and achieved good results. The following is a summary of their experience.
First, the characteristics of caisson Bao Bao: (1) less investment. The scale of farming can be varied, small-scale farming investment can be 1-2 million yuan to operate, suitable for general farmers. (2) Low cost. Compared with industrialized abalone, etc., the caisson raising of the abalone is very inexpensive. (3) The cycle is short. It only takes 5-6 months from seedlings to harvest. (4) Strong wind and wave resistance. The cement caisson is very sturdy and can be installed on the beach to resist wind and waves. (5) The risk is low. From a practical point of view, as long as the survival rate reaches 40%, even if the price drops to 80-100 yuan per kilogram (current price is about 170 yuan), it can still maintain capital.
Second, the ecological characteristics of abalone: ​​(1) abalone food. Abalone likes to eat leeks, scallops, wakame, etc. These types of seaweed are very rich in Guangxi coast. Abalone grows from a 2 cm body length seedling to 4 cm, and its bait coefficient is about 25. (2) Growth. Juvenile abalone grows quickly. It usually takes 5-6 months to grow from 2 cm seedlings to 5 cm commercial abalone. After the abalone grows to 6 cm, the growth rate is significantly reduced. The peak of its growth is between September and December of each year. (3) Living environment. Abalone likes to live in places with clear water and rapid flow. Experiments have shown that the abundance of abalone in the calm and turbid sea area is extremely high. The abundance requirement of abalone life is relatively high. When the specific gravity of seawater is lower than 1.015 or higher than 1.026, the growth is inhibited and there is even a risk of death. The optimal proportion is 1.020 to 1.025. The temperature range is 10-33°C.
Third, caisson design: caisson is reinforced concrete structure. The height is 60 cm, the outer diameter is 105 cm, and the inner diameter is 100 cm. The entire caisson consists of five parts: (1) The caisson body, which is the main part of the caisson. There are seven circular holes with a diameter of 16 cm at the bottom, and eight circular holes with a diameter of 4 cm are also provided at the bottom of the side of the box to facilitate the passage of water. (2) The caisson lid, also a concrete structure, makes the caisson a closed environment with a feeding opening in the center of the lid and a diameter of 30 cm. (3) Sets of nets, made of polyethylene mesh with a mesh of 0.3 to 0.5 cm, placed on the inner wall of the caisson to prevent abalone from escaping. (4) Iron wire bracket, composed of 8# iron wire, supporting the net. (5) The abalone inhabits the platform and the concrete structure is placed inside the caisson cover net for the abalone to inhabit. Each caisson can be stocked with 600 abalones.
4. Caisson placement: The caisson was placed in the sea one month prior to the seedlings. In addition to satisfying the ecological requirements of abalone, the caisson settlement must also have the following characteristics: smooth flow; gravel bottoms; small waves; after ebb tide, it must be possible to expose the enclosure by 20-30 cm to facilitate aquaculture management.
V. Selection and transportation of seedlings: The size of abalone seedlings must be more than 2 cm. Requires uniform specifications, no nicks, vibrant colors, and fresh, visible signs of shell edge growth. This kind of seedling has good vigor and is suitable for breeding. Seedlings are generally purchased from March to April, and are also available from August to October. Abalone is very resistant to transport, transport time is less than 2 hours, can be dry dew transport, longer than 2 hours, can be used live transport vehicles.
VI. Daily management: Abalone can feed the bait on the next day and enter the normal management stage. In this stage, every 12-15 days, it is necessary to feed Sargassum or G. argentea once, and each crib will be fed 5-6 kg each time. During the peak growth period, 8-9 kg of bait should be fed each time. The cages should be thoroughly cleaned once a month, mainly to clean up the sand, leftovers, shrimp, and small crabs inside the box. When cleaning, avoid abalone exposure time is too long, bruises or dead. During the entire cultivation period, abalone activity, sea salinity, pH, and water temperature were recorded every day.
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