First, fertilization
In the year when the grapes were planted, they must have enough nutrients to grow to a certain size. Because the base fertilizer applied at the time of growing the grapes is applied as a base for high yield in the following years, the effect is slower. Therefore, after planting, the grapes have 5 leaves and the first time the height starts at 20 cm. In principle, topdressing the fertilizer once every 10-15 days until the end of August when the vines begin to mature, stop top dressing. The principle of soil topdressing is to chase after thin application, initially with thin human excreta or 0.1% urea, The application amount per plant is 5-10 kg, and the concentration and quantity will be gradually increased as the plant grows. Because phosphorus is the rooting fertilizer, it can promote rooting, so in April-May, you must add phosphate fertilizer, the concentration of 0.3-0.5%, plus 2-3 times, in June-July, followed by potassium, applied to the concentration 0.3-0.5% can speed up the maturation of the plant. The number of top dressings is at least 8-10 times a year. At the same time, the combination of pest control and foliar dressing is usually applied. The concentration of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3%. It is required that at the end of the growth period, two sturdy vines can be cultivated, and the base of the main vine has a diameter of at least 1.5 cm and a height of 1.5-2 m.
Second, branch management.
Pole tie: Grape is a climbing plant and must rely on poles to grow upwards. Therefore, after the grape grows up, the poles are erected in time, and the vines are continuously bound and tied, and the tendrils are removed to promote upward growth.
Summer branch management: When the grape seedling grows 4-5 centimeters long, it should choose to keep two robust new shoots and cultivate it as the main vine. The other new shoots should be taken as the auxiliary nutrient for the production of nutrients. erase. If the grape seedling has only one robust new shoot, it should be removed from the tender tip when it grows to 5-6 leaves. When the two new shoots grown reach 30-40 cm in length, they must be tied to the poles so that they stand upright. When the new shoots grow to about 70 cm and reach the height of the first wire, A topping heart, picking up the heart should be light, to promote the occurrence of secondary shoots, pick up the heart after the extension of the secondary shoot length to 0.8-1 meters again topping, and promote the occurrence of secondary shoots.
In summer management, it is possible to leave 2-3 lateral shoots on the main vines. These side shoots can be left unchecked and allowed to grow laterally or drooping. If the growth is strong, they can be picked in 10 leaves to promote the growth. Mature.
Third, pest and disease control
The year of planting grapes and diseases and pests mainly include: black pox, downy mildew, rust, and green beetles, worms, etc. Prevention of blackpox disease In the April-June period, the following pesticides were selected alternately every other week: 70% mancozeb 600-800 times; 50% TBTB 800-1000 times; 505 Fumei Double 500-1000 times; 75 % Chlorothalonil 500-600 times; 77% can kill 500-600 times; Use 25% metalaxyl to control downy mildew 500-800 times in the second half of September to October spray; Grape rust available 20% Triadimefon EC is controlled 1500-2000 times in September-October; the green-green beetle is treated with 2.5% kung permethrin 1500-2000 times when it appears in May-June; the gory-wing moth (ie, borer) uses the enemy before and after May 20. Virus or diazinon and other insecticides can receive good results.
In addition, we must do a good job of irrigation and weeding: mildew rain season to prevent accumulation of water, timely drainage, 7-8 months of dry and rainy seasons, timely irrigation, and promote plant growth. In the vineyard, no vicious weeds are left in the vineyard, otherwise the utilization of fertilizer is reduced, and the soil is often kept loose.
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