Donkeys are herbivores and China is the country with the most donkeys in the world. Donkey meat has the effects of supplementing blood and supplementing qi and supplementing qi. Its bones are used to make bone meal, and its skin is used to refine ejiao, which has high food and medicinal value. This issue introduces a group of donkey breeding techniques and hopes to help farmers get rich.
Breeding
Better group second-generation genes
Breeding households choose to breed donkeys, it is easy to go into the higher the better the misunderstanding. Take the donkey male donkey in Dezhou, Shandong as an example. Its height is 141cm (2cm above and below). It is well-balanced, full-bodied, bust-round, shoulder-width, straight back, wide notch, and neat tooth (or missing tooth). /3) donkeys are good meat donkey breeds. Some species of donkeys are as high as 150 cm or even higher, but the back is not straight and has a "mountain ridge" shape, so the meat production performance is poor. This kind of donkey is often a descendant of a Texas donkey, although it has played a good role in heterosis. However, it is impossible to inherit the excellent meat production performance of the donkey from Texas. In folk terms, it is said that “the light will not grow longâ€. When choosing the female donkey, you should pay attention to the height of about 130 centimeters. Don't be too high. If you are too tall, you can easily cause dystocia. The female donkey, which is more than 1 year old, can be as low as 120 centimeters.
In addition to the above selected precautions, the age of the group should also pay special attention to the female donkey recommended the selection of 2 to 3 year old young donkey, generally no species, reproductive system diseases less. The male donkey is recommended to choose 3 to 6 years old. When buying a donkey, the age must be confirmed by those who are knowledgeable. Don't listen to donkey traffickers. In addition, it is recommended that large-scale farms, reputable companies, and donkeys be purchased. In general, a male donkey can naturally submit 50 female donkeys. If there is an artificial insemination technician, a donkey can be mated to 200. The scale of breeding at the start should not be too large. Considering the combination of funds, forage, and technical personnel, it is safer to gradually expand the scale of farming after a certain amount of breeding experience.
Do a good job in breeding strong young donkeys
Due to the special physiological structure of the donkey, such as female donkey reproductive tract semen is easy to backflow, follicular development is affected by the weather, resulting in uncertain ovulation time, easy to abortion, etc., resulting in donkey's mating conception is relatively unfavorable, in the general folk "three-year second child" . Due to factors such as monotonous nutrition, lack of exercise and improper management, large-scale farms generally do not exceed the mating level of single-headed households.
The breeding method is generally artificial insemination and natural handing. No matter what kind of method, disinfection and hygienic work must be done to prevent the disease from spreading due to improper breeding. At the time of natural sex, the male donkey penis should also be cleaned with warm water; artificial insemination should be accompanied by disposable plastic long-arm gloves to prevent uterus inflammation caused by vaginal contamination of the female donkey. Jackass penis cleaning.
When mating, it is recommended to follow the principles of homogenous selection, such as male meat donkey with good meat performance and female donkey with good meat performance; female donkey with good milk performance in the offspring and female donkey with good milk performance; The male donkey of the color breeds with the female donkey.
At present, Shandong Dong'e Ejiao Co., Ltd. has established the breeding base for “Dong's donkey donkeys†and has carried out breeding work with the donkey from Texas as the parent and the female parent system. It has also cooperated with the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences to research and develop “frozen sperm†and filled it up. Market and technology gaps.
In addition, the mother donkey should pay attention to observe whether the lochia discharge, the donkey whether to eat colostrum in time and warm.
Beware of early sickness prevention
Donkeys have relatively few epidemic diseases and are the simplest animals for feeding and management. However, the number of diseases raising donkeys will increase. When the donkey is sick, the daily gain will decline or even negative, and the aquaculture benefit will decline sharply. Therefore, the disease should be discovered and treated early. The healthy donkey's 2 ears are always erect, and they are free to move, have high head and neck, and are full of energy. When standing on grazing, it is standing still, chewing powerfully, and rattling. The healthy donkey's mouth color is light red, smooth, and the nose and ear are warm, not hot or cold, and the dung ball is of moderate hardness. The appearance is moist and bright, the color is yellow at the beginning, and the time turns brown. As the saying goes, "The donkey is peddling the yak and it is not much sick." How much water is drinking has important implications for judging whether a donkey is sick or not. Donkeys eat less grass and drink a lot of water, donkeys are disease-free; if grass intake does not decrease and reduce drinking water continuously for several times or do not drink water, it can be known that the donkey will soon develop. Although donkeys don't eat overnight, they stand out, but as long as the nose and ears are mild and the body temperature is normal, they can be treated as disease-free. Generally, the next day can be eaten. Find abnormal conditions and seek veterinarian treatment.
Feeding
Herbs should be localized and diversified
Donkeys are herbivores and should not be fed with large amounts of concentrate. If large amounts of concentrate are fed, fattening can be done for less than 2 months in the short term. Longer periods of time result in a decrease in intestinal function and immunity of the donkey, especially breeding and breeding. Donkeys should not feed a large amount of concentrate. After over-fertilization, they are prone to dystocia and estrus, and this leads to increased cost of breeding.
Reserve grass and forage must be based on the principle of adjusting to local conditions. The more complex the forage material is, the easier it is to store, and because of its variety, it can increase the appetite of the donkey and prevent the lack of nutrients caused by feeding a single forage. In northern regions such as Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia, corn stalks, grain straw, soybean stalks, peanut pods, sweet potato hulls, and wheat bran are good fodder. Generally, it is recommended to feed three or more mixed fodder materials. Which kind of cheap to feed more.
Feeding methods should be scientific
Some farmers follow the experience of raising cattle and donate to the donkeys alone to feed the green corn stalks. Because donkeys are monogastric animals, unlike cows that can be ruminated and acid-resistant, feeding large amounts of green corn stalks can easily cause gastrointestinal function and physical disorders. Hair loss and other phenomena. It is generally recommended that the amount of feed in the green storage corn should not exceed 30% of the total amount of forage (calculated on a dry matter basis, generally 3 to 4 kg of green storage corn combined with 1 kg of hay), that is, feeding 10 kg of hay and feeding 7 kg of hay The other 3 kg of hay are stored in green storage corn (approximately 9 to 12 pounds of wet grass).
management
Enter the pay attention to rehydration
The donkey's husbandry and management rely on the keeper's intensive care. The same fine feed and fodder feed can greatly affect the breeding effect. Therefore, how to mobilize the enthusiasm of the keeper is a problem that farmers need to consider. The author proposes that the wages of the keeper must be closely linked with the daily gain (fattening) and the breeding rate (breeding), enabling the entrant to do more work. Bulk donkey should pay attention to the following matters.
Don't drink water within 2 hours after entering the venue. Let the donkey move freely in the sports ground to adapt to the new environment, prevent the donkey from hunger and thirst and drink plenty of water and cause “water intoxicationâ€. After 2 hours, you can feed water properly, and you can freely drink water after 4 hours. In order to prevent donkey stress from causing multiple diseases, it is possible to add astragalus polysaccharides and multivitamins (B vitamins to relieve stress) in the donkey's drinking water for 5 to 7 days.
After 4 hours of admission, forage grasses can be eaten freely, and no concentrates should be fed on the first day. One day later, it is gradually added to the normal feeding amount in 3 to 5 days. If a large amount of concentrate is first fed into the ground, the gastrointestinal function of the donkey may not fully recover, and it may easily cause intestinal inflammation or intussusception and death.
After entering the farm for 2 weeks, the donkeys were unified and repelled. Generally, the insects were repelled in spring and autumn. The first is to mix insects. According to the description of the insect repellent (Ivermectin product), the insect repellent was mixed in the concentrate according to the number of the insect-repelling donkey, and the mixture was fully mixed and fed to the donkey. Before controlling insecticide, control the donkey to feed forage to 1/2 of the daily feed intake, which will help the pest repellent effect. The second is to inject insects. The veterinarians used the method of subcutaneous injection according to the instructions of the liquid repellent (EVF injection). The best injection was on the 1/3 of the donkey's neck. After the injection, the injection site was gently rubbed, which helped the drug spread further.
The strength of group management must be separated
Due to bumpy roads, wind and rain, and sudden changes in the forage, donkeys are prone to colds, enteritis and other symptoms. It is recommended to observe the donkeys twice a day. If a donkey appears sluggish and the response is slow, it is suspected to be a sick donkey. Veterinary treatment shortens the adaptation period of donkeys and reduces the cost and loss of breeding.
In the rear aquaculture process, we must pay attention to group management, so that weak donkeys and strong donkeys are separated, and different ages are separated, otherwise it is easy for the strong and the weak to become weak, which is not conducive to the growth of the entire population.
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