Abstract: Planting peanuts is an important source of income for farmers living in the sand and sand towns. At present, the promotion and application of peanut mulching technology is an important measure to increase the output of peanuts and is imperative.
Now we summarize the promotion and application of the peanut mulching film cultivation technology in Momoge Township as follows.
First, choose the film
The thickness of the film is suitable, and the width and width are determined by the ridge distance. Local custom buckle membrane is covered with two ridges, ridge width of 65 cm, usually width of 1.2 or 1.3 meters of plastic film, thickness of 0.008%.
Second, select varieties
Selection criteria: growth period is 125-130 days, active accumulated temperature is about 2500°C, and high yield-producing potential, strong resistance, and not premature aging high-yielding and stable product species, mostly white-granule type.
Third, soil preparation and fertilization
1, site preparation. The fine soil preparation is related to the quality of the plastic film and it is the basis for the high yield and stable production of mulching. Select raw materials with loose texture, high fertility, and convenient drainage. It is best to harvest the former crop immediately after harvest, with a depth of 20-23 cm, ripening cultivation layer, shallow ploughing in early spring, and timely maintenance after tillage. The soil is fine and no waste, and the ground is smooth without roots.
2, fertilization. Increasing fertilizing materials, farmyard manures and chemical fertilizers are important measures to ensure that peanut mulching and cultivation of crops significantly increase production. Film cultivation improves soil ecological environment, promotes the growth and development of peanuts, and increases the demand for nutrient elements. If fertilization is insufficient, special It is a low fertility soil that will greatly reduce the effect of mulching. Even if the mulched peanuts increase some yield, they often cause a deficit in soil nutrients, which is not conducive to land use.
Number of fertilization. Farmhouse fertilizer, generally hectares input 30-35 cubic meters, no farmyard fertilizer can be changed. Combine the site preparation with base fertilizer. Fertilizer, with 45% peanut special fertilizer per hectare 450-600 kg, preferably with biological fertilizer. If single fertilizer is used, 100-135 kg of urea, 150-200 kg of diammonium, and 80-150 kg of potash should be used per hectare.
Fertilization method. Peanuts are straight roots. Most of the roots are concentrated in a 10-30 cm plough layer. The basic fertilizer should be applied deeply and uniformly. The absorption peaks of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are all present in front of the flower needles, which account for the total amount absorbed in the whole growth period. %, 35%, 47%, gradually reduced later, combined with one-time application of base fertilizer. It is best to use two applications, two-thirds of fertilizer in combination with site preparation, and one-third of fertilizer is applied below 10 cm of tillage before sowing.
Fourth, timely sowing to improve the quality of sowing
1, sowing time. It is very important to grasp the sowing date. According to many years of experience, the live peanuts in our county will be planted on May 15-25, and the mulching peanuts may be sown on May 10-15. It should be determined according to the meteorological conditions at that time. Within 5 days, the average daily temperature of 5-10 cm plow layer can be sown at 12°C, and the ground film peanuts can increase the ground temperature, which may be appropriate earlier.
2, ensure the quality of sowing. Generally, the laminating machine is used for sowing at the bottom and the side is covered with film, and the herbicide is sprayed. Two natural ridges cover the membrane together, and they can also be sown after sowing, spraying herbicides, and artificially filming, according to the density requirements of two seeds per hole. Uniform sowing, mulch film close to the ridge. Every two or three meters or so throw two soil to prevent the wind from lifting the membrane.
3, rational close planting. They are generally 63-65 centimeters long ridge spacing, 1.2 or 1.3 meters wide mulch, two ridges covered together, 17-20 centimeters in distance, 20-200,000 hectares of preserved seedlings, can also be covered with large ridges and three rows. , that is, two natural ridges, a large ridge, three rows of ridges on the ridge, 30-35 centimeters from the small row, which can reasonably use the ground force and light energy.
4, the application of herbicides. Peanut mulch cannot be cultivated and must be sprayed with herbicide before coating. The use of herbicides is not only effective, but also does not affect the diarrhea, specifically the acetylacetone, ie, acetochlor and prometryn, and can also be used to dole and prometryn, ?f grass spirit, Xi grass net , Pre-emergence pre-emergence herbicides.
V. Strengthening field management
1, after the planting of peanuts should always check the field film, found windy film or plastic film break through the wind, it is necessary to promptly cover tight pressure, to ensure that warming effect.
2. Immediately induce seedlings after emergence of peanuts, and seal membrane holes with wet soil. With the introduction of seedlings, the first pair of lateral branches were pulled out of the membrane, and the excessive earth piles on the membrane holes were promptly removed.
3. During the growth and development of peanuts, it is necessary to do a good job of film protection to prevent wind blows and trampling of humans and animals.
4, to strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Mainly stem rot, root rot, and crown rot in the early stage, and leaf spot in the middle and later stages. With suction fungicide and foliar fertilizer spraying. Insect pests have aphids and spider mites are the most serious ones. Omethoate and imidacloprid are used to control aphids. Starscotch can be controlled by acaricides such as avenin.
5, timely harvest, pick up the film.
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