Bumblebee pollination is one of the key technologies for the cultivation of melon early maturing, high-quality, and simple cultivation. Compared with traditional artificial pollination, the bumblebee pollination is labor-saving, labor-saving, safe, and efficient. The rate of cantaloupe satiation can reach 95% or more, and the fruit shape is Zhou Zheng. The fruit's sugar content is increased by 1.5%, and its taste is fragrant, brittle, and sweet. The umbilical cord of rot caused by blight and gray mold is greatly reduced, the fruit matures early and the price is high.
First, bee colony preparation
The user signs a purchase contract with the apiary in advance to indicate the number and quality of the pollinating colonies, and the arrival time of the colony. A common beehive is a standard pollination colony.
Second, facilities and environmental requirements
Relatively closed protection facilities (greenhouses, plastic sheds, etc.) are required. Vents covered the 40-mesh insect net in advance to prevent bumblebees from flying out and pests outside the shed. Bumblebee pollination suitable temperature 15 °C -30 °C, not more than 35 °C, not less than 10 °C; suitable relative humidity of 50% -80%, more than 90% should be ventilation and humidity, less than 30% need to spray or spray increased Humidity creates an environment suitable for bumblebee activity.
Third, the colony is placed
The melons are placed in the beehive in the evening 1-2 days before the opening of the female flowers in the melon section. The nest door is opened the next morning so that the bumble bees can gradually adapt to the new environment. The beehive should be placed on the ridge rack in the center of the facility. The height of the pedestal is 30-50 centimeters and it is placed horizontally with the nest door facing south. Avoid shaking or swaying when placed, avoid tilting or inverting. 30-50 cm above the beehive is covered with a shade net and waterproof facilities to avoid direct sunlight and water droplets drip into the beehive. A standard beehive (pollinating bee colony) is usually placed per acre.
Four, daily management of bee colonies
In general, bumblebees do not need to be fed. Place shallow dishes around the box to hold water, and float some grass stalks or twigs on the water. When the bumblebees drink water, they should cling to the water to avoid flooding. The water should be replaced in 2-3 days. After entering the beehive, the bee colony's activity is judged by observing the number of bumble bees entering and leaving the nest. At 9-11 a.m. during the sunny days, if there are more than 8 bumblebees entering and leaving the hive within 20 minutes, the bee colony activity is normal. If the bee colony activity is found to be abnormal, the cause should be analyzed and dealt with in time so as not to affect the pollination effect.
After pollination is finished, the beehive nest door is set to be in a state where it cannot enter only. At night, the bumblebee closes its nest door after returning to the nest to finish collecting the bee, which facilitates field spraying or moves into other booths. If the bee colony is vigorous, the bees can be moved to other booths after being collected. After standing for one hour, the nest door is opened to continue pollination, which can save pollination costs.
V. Field Management
Before pollination, the greenhouse must be well ventilated to remove harmful gases or odors and reduce the stimulation of bumble bees. Also check that the facilities are tight and prevent the bumblebees from losing their lives. During the pollination process, the bumblebee pollinated the flower style to form a kiss mark on the style. The color of the mark changed from shallow to dark as time went by. When more than 80% of the flowers in the field had this mark, the pollination was normal. If it is found that the flowers in the field are darker than 1/2, the bees should be closed on alternate days in order to prevent the bumblebee from visiting the flowers and affecting the fruits. After the fruit is seated, the melons are squashed, and the fruits of the proper node and melon-shaped Zhou Zheng are retained. The thin melons retain 3 melons per plant, and the thick melons leave 1-2 melons per plant, and the others are removed. Strengthen water and fertilizer management and promote fruit enlargement.
Bumblebees are more sensitive to pesticides, especially some of the systemic agents such as imidacloprid, zeocin, etc., so avoid using poisons that are toxic to the bumblebees a week before pollination and during pollination. If it is necessary to apply pesticides, use biological pesticides or low-toxicity pesticides that are harmless to bumblebees, and pay attention to the safe use interval. The bees were collected one day before spraying, and returned after 2-3 days to continue pollination.
Six, matters needing attention
When operating in the field, avoid vibrating or hitting the beehive to prevent the bumblebees from snarling. Bumblebees are more sensitive to alcohol, perfume, soap, and other odors. Rings, necklaces, and watches can also trigger bumblebee aggressive behavior and should be avoided during pollination.
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